Axial Skeleton Notes

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24 Terms

1

Long Bone

  • cylindrical and longer than it is wide; has a shaft and a head

  • function: movement and support

  • ex: femur, humerus, phalanges

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2

Short Bone

  • roughly square shaped, has a body

  • function: stability, support, some motion

  • ex: carpals (hand bones) and tarsals (foot bone)

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3

Flat Bone

  • thin, flat, or curved bone

  • function: attachment points./ protectors for internal organs

  • ex: skull, sternum, ribs

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4

Irregular Bone

  • irregular shape

  • function: protect internal organs, movement, support

  • ex: vertebrase, pelvis, mandible

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5

Articulations: Condyle

  • rounded knob that articulates with another bone

  • ex: the (blank) of the femur articulate with the medial and lateral (blank) of the tibia.

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6

Sesamoid Bone

  • small, round bones embedded in tendons/ muscles

  • function: protect tendons and allow effective muscle action

  • ex: patella

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7

Articulations: Head

  • prominent bone expanded end of the bone

  • ex: the (blank) of the humorous articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint

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8

Articulations: Facet

  • smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex surface

  • ex: the (blank) on the thoracic vertebrea articulate with the ribs

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9

Projections: Epicondyle

  • projection superior to a condyle

  • attachment site for muscles and ligaments

  • example: medial and lateral (blank) on the humeroous

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10

Projections: Crest

  • narrow ridge

  • attachment site for muscles and ligaments

  • attachment site for muscles moving through vertebral column

  • example: iliac (blank) superior margin of the ilium

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11

Projections: spine

  • sharp, slender, or narrow process

  • ex: anterior superior iliac spine

  • attachment point for muscle tendons of the trunk, hip, and thighs

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12

Projections: Process

  • bony prominence

  • ex: coronoid (blank) of mandible, styloid and mastoid (blank)

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13

Projections: line

  • slightly raised, elongated ridge

  • ex: mylohyoid (blank) on the mandible

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14

Projections: Protuberance

  • bony outgrowth or protrusion

  • ex: mental (blank)

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15

Projections: Trochanter

  • massive process

  • only on the femur

  • ex: greater and lesser (blank)

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16

Projections: Tubercle

  • rough surface

  • ex: tibial tuberosity attachment site for the patellar ligament

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17

Depressions: Alveolus

  • pit or socket

  • ex: (blank) process of the mandible (tooth socket)

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18

Depressions: Fossa

  • shallow, broad, or elongated basin

  • ex: olecranon (blank) of the humerous

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19

Depression: Sulcus

  • groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

  • ex: inter tubular sulcus of the humorous

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20

Depressions: Fovea

  • small pit

  • ex: fovea on the head of the femur

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21

Passages: Canal

  • tubular passage or tunnel in the bone

  • ex: incisive (blank), the end of an artery and nerve travel here

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22

Passages: Meatus

  • an opening into a canal

  • ex: internal acoustic (blank) of the ear

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23

Passages: Foramen

  • round hole through a bone

  • ex: obturator foramen in the pelvis

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24

Passages: Fissure

  • a slit through a bone

  • ex: inferior orbital fissure

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