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Long Bone
cylindrical and longer than it is wide; has a shaft and a head
function: movement and support
ex: femur, humerus, phalanges
Short Bone
roughly square shaped, has a body
function: stability, support, some motion
ex: carpals (hand bones) and tarsals (foot bone)
Flat Bone
thin, flat, or curved bone
function: attachment points./ protectors for internal organs
ex: skull, sternum, ribs
Irregular Bone
irregular shape
function: protect internal organs, movement, support
ex: vertebrase, pelvis, mandible
Articulations: Condyle
rounded knob that articulates with another bone
ex: the (blank) of the femur articulate with the medial and lateral (blank) of the tibia.
Sesamoid Bone
small, round bones embedded in tendons/ muscles
function: protect tendons and allow effective muscle action
ex: patella
Articulations: Head
prominent bone expanded end of the bone
ex: the (blank) of the humorous articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint
Articulations: Facet
smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex surface
ex: the (blank) on the thoracic vertebrea articulate with the ribs
Projections: Epicondyle
projection superior to a condyle
attachment site for muscles and ligaments
example: medial and lateral (blank) on the humeroous
Projections: Crest
narrow ridge
attachment site for muscles and ligaments
attachment site for muscles moving through vertebral column
example: iliac (blank) superior margin of the ilium
Projections: spine
sharp, slender, or narrow process
ex: anterior superior iliac spine
attachment point for muscle tendons of the trunk, hip, and thighs
Projections: Process
bony prominence
ex: coronoid (blank) of mandible, styloid and mastoid (blank)
Projections: line
slightly raised, elongated ridge
ex: mylohyoid (blank) on the mandible
Projections: Protuberance
bony outgrowth or protrusion
ex: mental (blank)
Projections: Trochanter
massive process
only on the femur
ex: greater and lesser (blank)
Projections: Tubercle
rough surface
ex: tibial tuberosity attachment site for the patellar ligament
Depressions: Alveolus
pit or socket
ex: (blank) process of the mandible (tooth socket)
Depressions: Fossa
shallow, broad, or elongated basin
ex: olecranon (blank) of the humerous
Depression: Sulcus
groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel
ex: inter tubular sulcus of the humorous
Depressions: Fovea
small pit
ex: fovea on the head of the femur
Passages: Canal
tubular passage or tunnel in the bone
ex: incisive (blank), the end of an artery and nerve travel here
Passages: Meatus
an opening into a canal
ex: internal acoustic (blank) of the ear
Passages: Foramen
round hole through a bone
ex: obturator foramen in the pelvis
Passages: Fissure
a slit through a bone
ex: inferior orbital fissure