AP HUMAN GEO VOCAB 2.1

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.

Census

A complete enumeration of a population

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of births in a year for every 1,00 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,00 people alive in the society

Demographic Transition

The process of change in the society’s population from a condition for high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rates of natural increase and higher total population

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Doubling Time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Ecumene

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Epidemiological Transition

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Infant Morality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Medical Revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Overpopulation

A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Population Pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Sex Ratio

The number of makes per 100 females in the population

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Total Ferility Rate

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Underpopulation

A population decline

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural Increase rate equals zero