Tests for Cations and Anions

Sodium Na+

Flame test- orange

Potassium K+

Flame test- lilac

Lithium Li+

Flame test - crimson

Copper (II) Cu2+

Flame test - blue green

Sodium hydroxide - blue precipitate

Calcium Ca2+

Flame test- orange red

Iron (II) Fe2+

Sodium hydroxide- green precipitate

(Over time it will turn brown due to the oxidation of Fe2 into Fe3 from the oxygen in the air)

Ammonium NH4+

Sodium hydroxide (turns to ammonia) and heat (into a gas) - wet red litmus paper turns blue

Carbonate Co3^2-

Add dilute acid, observe bubbling then bubble the gas produced through lime water - lime water turns milky

Chloride Cl-

Add nitric acid then silver nitrate - white precipitate

Bromide Br-

Add nitric acid then silver nitrate - cream precipitate

Iodide I-

Add nitric acid then silver nitrate - yellow precipitate

Sulfate SO4²-

Ass hydrochloric acid then barium chloride - white precipitate