cancer lec

cytotoxic problem

kills good cells too

routes chemo

oral, iv, topical

anticancer drugs general mechanism

inhibit dna/rna synthesis, inhibit mitosis

drugs inhibiting mitosis

paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine (taxanes and vinca alkaloids)

drugs inhibiting dna synthesis

cytarabine, doxorubicin, 5 fluoroURACIL, 6 merca, METHOTREXATE

cell cycle NONSPECIFIC drugs

alkylating agents, anticancer antibiotics

dacarbazine

alkylating agent moa

alkylation of guanine nucleotides in dna (damages it)

anticancer antibiotics. damages dna

types of alkylating agent

pcc (platinum coordination complex), nitroSOUReas

platinum coord complex

antimetabolite moa

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. competes w purine, pyrimidine. interfere with METABOLISM

antimetabolite example

5 fluoro, 6 merca, cytara, gemc, methotrexate!

methotrexate

immunosuppresant, autoimmune, rheumatoid arthritis, antimetabolite

anthracycline moa

insert themselves between dna base pair (binds to dna)

disrupt structure

inhibits dna polymerase

antitumor antibiotics ex

bleomycin, dactinomycin, mitomycin c, mitoxantrone

bleo, dacto, mito (both)

antitumor moa

disrupt protein synthesis / dna intercalation like anthracyclines

anthra vs, tetracyclines

anthra for cancer, tetra for antibiotics

mitotic/microtubule

blocks at M phase of cell cycle (vinca alkaloids, taxanes)

vinca alkaloids

inhibit poly,erization = no microtubule formation

taxanes

inhibits tubulin depolymerization (breakdown of cellular microtubules into tubulin dimers) which makes overly stable microtubule

vincristine se

neuropathy

vinblasitne se

myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy

taxane se

peripheral neuropathy

topoisomerase inhibitor

in the name but breaks double helix (g2 phase)

type ii topo inhib

etoposide, teniposide, mitoxantrone

type i topo inhib

irino, TOPOcetan

anticancer hormones

serm, gnrh, aromatase, adrenocorticoids

serm examples

tamoxifen, raloxifen (xifen)

biological therapy ex

monoclonal antibodies

cytokines

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

cytokines ex

interferon, il2

se chemotherapy

nausea, weight loss (weight gain is never se), etc.

what causes chemotherapy induced peripehral neuropathy

platinum, mitotic inhib, antimetabolites, thalomide

thalomide

treats myeloma

bleomycin, busulfan se

pulmonary fibrosis

cisplatin carboplatin (pcc) se

nephro, oto

nitrosoureas se

neurotoxic (crosses bbb)

cyclophosphamide se

hemorrhage cystitis