Observational Learning

Observational Learning

When one learns new knowledge or skills by observing others

Attention

1st Step: Observer must pay attention to behaviour of model

Retention

2nd Step: Observer must store their observations in their memory

Reproduction

3rd Step: Observer must repeat actions of what they observed/of the model

Motivation

4th Step: Observer must be motivated to repeat action

Ability of Learner

1. Observed must be physically able (have the skills/coordination) to repeat action

Belief of Learner

• Observer must have trust within owns skills and ability to repeat action

Status or Prestige of Learner

• The more learner looks up to model, the more motivated learner will be to repeat action

Similarity of Models

• if model is more “similar to learner”, the more the learning is successful

Value of Goal/Outcome

• the more desirable outcome increases chances of repitation of behaviour/knowledge

Magnitude

quality, intensity, or duration of reinforcement

Immediacy

Reinforcement should take place right after desired behaviour to be more effective

Level of Motivation

Rewards must be desirable

Punishments should be undesirable

Schedule

How often the reinforcement is given affects efficiency of desired behaviour