CSC Formulas

GDP Expenditure Approach

$C+I+G+\left(X-M\right)$ (C = consumption, I = investment, G = government spending, X = exports, M = imports)

Inflation Rate

$$\frac{CPI_{current}-CPI_{previous}}{CPI_{previous}}\cdot100\%$$

Present Value (PV)

$\frac{FV}{\left(1+r\right)^{n}}$ (FV = future value, r = discount rate per period, n = number of periods)

Present Value of an Annuity (APV)

$APV=C\left\lbrack\frac{1-\frac{1}{\left(1+r\right)^{n}}}{r}\right\rbrack$ (APV = present value of the series of coupon payments, C = one coupon payment, r = discount rate per period, n = number of periods)

Treasury Bill Yield

$$\frac{100-Price}{Price}\cdot\frac{365}{Term}\cdot100\%$$

Current Yield

Annual Cash Flow / Current Market Price * 100%

Approximate Yield to Maturity (AYTM)

2*(Interest Income ± Price Change per Compounding Period)/(Purchase Price + Par Value)×100%

Nominal Bond Rate of Return

Nominal Rate = Real Rate + Inflation Rate

Accrued Interest

Par Amount ⋅ Coupon Rate/100 ⋅ Time Period/365 (Time Period = number of days of accrued interest)