GEOL 200: Plane Surveying Lecture Notes Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering basic surveying principles, branches, accuracy/precision, distance corrections, direction systems, and geological measurements.

Surveying is the science, art, and technology of determining the relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the Earth's surface through the measurement of distances, angles, elevations, and __________.

geographic coordinates

While accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to the true value, __________ refers to the consistency of repeated measurements.

precision

Unlike geodetic surveying, plane surveying treats the Earth's surface as a flat surface and is generally carried out for survey areas less than __________.

$$250\,\text{km}^2$$

Unavoidable natural fluctuations such as wind, instrument vibration, and human eyesight variations are classified as __________ errors.

random

The professional conduct and responsible stewardship of geoscience data for geologists in the Philippines is governed by the __________ for Professional Geologists.

Code of Ethics

In standard surveying measurements, the SI unit for length is the meter, while the unit for measuring angles is expressed in __________.

degrees (°), minutes ('), seconds (")

The mathematical relationship between slope distance ($S$), horizontal distance ($H$), and vertical distance ($V$) is expressed by the formula __________.

$$S^2 = H^2 + V^2$$

If a survey line has a slope distance of $125\,\text{m}$ and a vertical difference of $20\,\text{m}$, its calculated horizontal distance is __________.

$$123.39\,\text{m}$$

When suspended between supports, gravity causes a measuring tape to sag, requiring a sag correction that is always __________ in value.

negative

The formula used to compute the temperature correction for a steel tape is __________.

$$C_t = \alpha L(T - T_o)$$

The north reference shown by map grid lines and used in projected coordinate systems like UTM maps is called __________.

Grid North

A bearing is a horizontal angle measured from north or south toward east or west and ranges between $0^\circ$ and __________.

$$90^\circ$$

To convert a bearing in the Southeast (SE) quadrant to an azimuth, the formula to use is __________.

$$180^\circ - \text{Bearing}$$

The angular difference between True North and Magnetic North is known as __________.

magnetic declination

Magnetic inclination, or dip, measures $0^\circ$ near the magnetic equator and __________ near the magnetic poles.

$$90^\circ$$

The precision pocket transit instrument designed to measure bearings, strike, dip, slope angles, and elevations is the __________.

Brunton compass

A type of traverse surveying used for roads and pipelines that begins at a known station and ends at an unknown point without returning to the start is an __________.

open traverse

Geological strike is defined as the compass direction of a horizontal line on a planar geological surface, representing the intersection between the geological plane and a __________ plane.

horizontal

Geological dip is the angle at which a planar surface inclines downward from the horizontal, measured in the direction of __________ descent.

steepest

On a geologic map standard symbol, the main line shows the strike direction, while the perpendicular tick mark points in the downhill __________.

dip direction