homeostasis and hydration

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electrolytes

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more essential for body to function

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two solutes water contains

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electrolytes and nonelectrolytes

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91 Terms

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electrolytes

more essential for body to function

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two solutes water contains

electrolytes and nonelectrolytes

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body fluid compartments

intracellular and extracellular

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extracellular body compartments

interstitial, intravascular, transcellular

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interstitial

lies spaces between body cells

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intravascular

plasma within the blood

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transcellular

specialized fluids (cerebral spinal fluid)

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third body compartment

where 3rd spacing happens; fluid has escaped to this compartment

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what happens if fluid has escaped to third body compartment

swelling and edema

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movements of fluids and electrolytes

osmosis, diffusion, filtration, active transport

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osmosis

movement of water from less concentration to more concentration

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diffusion

passive process of moving molecules from an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration

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filtration

movement of both water and smaller particles from area of high to low concentration; also filters blood

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active transport

bigger molecules (electrolytes) move from area of low to high concentration, produces atp (source of energy)

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fluid intake recommendation for women

2700 ml/ day

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fluid intake recommendation for men

3700 ml/ day

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why do men have more fluid intake

because men have more muscle and water content

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where does 20% of your fluid intake come from

food/ metabolism of food

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fluid intake is regulated by what

thirst

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thirst is regulated by

the hypothalamus

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what is the amount of fluid output a day

1500ml a day

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what is adequate range of urine output an hour

25-30 ml

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what is the recommended range per hour for urine output

50-60ml

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UOP

urine output

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ways you can output urine

perspiration, exhaling, feces

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range of feces output

100-200 ml/day

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range of sweating output

300-600ml/ day

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lungs/exhalation output

300 ml per day

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hormonal regulation

-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

-Renin-Angiotensin aldostrone System

-Thyroid hormone

-Brain natriuretic peptide

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antidiuretic hormone

hold on to fluid

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what holds on to ADH

the kidneys

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too much ADH

swollen and edema

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too little ADH

dehydrated

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renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

regulation of fluid, renin, angiotensin (1 and2)

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what is responsible for converting angiotensin 1 to 2

renin

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releasee of angiotensin 2

-tells kidneys to hold on to more water and sodium

- produces aldosterone

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wherever water goes

sodium flows

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aldosterone (RASS)

tells kidneys to reabsorb sodium but release potassium

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RASS can have an effect on what

blood pressure

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thyroid hormone

affects fluid volume by influencing cardiac output (pumping more blood so more urine excretes)

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BNP

brain natriuretic peptide

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BNP releases

sodium through the urine

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what is BNP a sign of

Heart failure

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PT with kidney failure wont be able to absorb

sodium or excrete potassium

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normal sodium range

135-145

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what type of fluid is sodium

extracellular and a cation (positive charge)

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what reabsorbs sodium

kidneys

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really high sodium or really low sodium can affect

brain function

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hypo- hyper natremia

low or high sodium

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whatever sodium does

chloride does

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normal range for potassium

3.5- 5

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what type of electrolyte is potassium

intracellular, and involves the movement of muscle and cardiac contraction

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what do you never do with potassium

push it through a iv

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what does kidneys do to potassium

eliminates

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hypo or hyper kalemia

low or high potassium

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calcium normal range

8.5- 10.5

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what does calcium do

bone health and nerve conduction

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where is 99% of calcium found

bones and teeth

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insufficiency of calcium leads to

osteoporosis

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hypo or hyper calcemia

low or high calcium

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normal range for magnesium

1.7- 2.2

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magnesium is

intracellular- bones, and helps with cell functions

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what mainly leads to low levels of magnesium

alcoholism

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hypo or hyper magnesmia

low or high magnesium

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normal range for phosphurus

2.5- 4.5

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what type of electrolyte is phosphurus

intracellular and a anion

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if your phosphate is high, what is low?

calcium

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hypo or hyper phosphatemia

low or high phosphurus

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biocarbonate

icf and ecf, acid base balance

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What is bicarbonate regulated by

kidneys

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bicarbonate acts as

buffer to neutralize acids in the body

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acids

contains hydrogen h+

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basde

compound that accepts hydrogen

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amounts of acid and base give us

PH

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ph can be

acidotic or alkalotic

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if your ph is alkalotic you

need more hydrogen

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if your ph is acidotic

you have too much hydrogen

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normal ph

7.35-7.45

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acidotic pH

is under 7.35

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alkalotic ph

is over 7.45

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how is ph measured

ABGs

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acid base regulations

buffer systems

respiratory mechanisms lungs

renal mechanisms kidneys

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deficit fluid volume

hypovolemia

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what does hypovolemia lead to

dry skin, dry mucous membranes

skin turgor

decreased urine, blood pressure

increased heart rate, and temperature

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Fluid Volume Excess

hypervolemia

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signs of hypervolemia

elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse

pale, cool skin

edema, ascites

crackles

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s3 sound of heart is indication of

fluid overload

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On the assessment of a patient with acute renal failure, the nurse finds the following: distended neck veins, cool and pale skin, and crackles in the lungs. The nurse should suspect the patient is experiencing

hypervolemia

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isotonic

equal balance

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hypotonic

less stuff

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hypertonic

more stuff