Exam 1 MCQs

study finds that people who eat more blueberries have better memory. Does this prove blueberries cause better memory?

No. This establishes correlation, not necessarily causation.

A researcher only looks for studies supporting their preferred conclusion. What bias is this?

Confirmation bias.

A food has 25% DV of calcium. Is that considered low, moderate, or high?

High.

A food has 3% DV of sodium. Is that considered low, moderate, or high?

Low.

Which organ stores bile: liver, gallbladder, or pancreas?

Gallbladder.

Which organ produces bile?

Liver.

Which organ produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

Pancreas.

Which digestive organ absorbs most nutrients?

Small intestine.

Which system transports most absorbed dietary fat?

Lymphatic system.

Which provides more energy per gram: carbohydrate or fat?

Fat — 9 kcal/g compared with 4 kcal/g for carbohydrate.

Breaking down molecules for energy is catabolism or anabolism?

Catabolism.

Building molecules using energy is catabolism or anabolism?

Anabolism.

What is the difference between a prebiotic and probiotic?

Prebiotics feed beneficial gut bacteria; probiotics are live microorganisms that can provide health benefits.

What is the difference between EAR and RDA?

EAR meets the estimated needs of about half of a population group; RDA is set high enough to meet the needs of nearly all healthy people in that group.

What is the difference between UL and RDA?

RDA is a recommended intake for adequacy; UL is the highest average daily intake unlikely to cause adverse effects.