Chemistry Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry

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15 Terms

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Thermochemistry

the branch of science that studies the transfer of energy during chemical reactions or phase changes

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enthalpy

thermal energy content of a system at a constant pressure

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calorimeter

an insulated container in which a thermometer detects the temperature change that occurs during a reaction

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sensible heat

heat that produces a temperature change in a substance when applied

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latent heat

heat that produces a phase change in a substance

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molar enthalpy of fusion

the quantity of energy required to melt one mole of a solid to a liquid with no temperature change

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molar enthalpy of vaporization

the quantity of energy required to convert a mole of a liquid at its boiling point to its vapor at the same temperature

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specific heat

the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance by 1 degree celsius

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enthalpy of reaction

the change in enthalpy that occurs during a reaction

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thermochemical equation

a chemical equation that shows the reactants, products, and amount of energy released or absorbed

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standard molar enthalpy of combustion

the energy released as heat by the complete burning of one mole of a substance at standard conditions

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Hess’s law

states that the enthalpy change of a reaction equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step of the process

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Entropy

a measure of the dispersal of energy in a system

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Gibbs free energy (G)

a combination of the chang ein enthalpy and the change in entropy

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second law of thermodynamics

states that natural processes tend to decrease the usable energy in the universe