Acids and Bases

Acids taste

sour

Bases taste

bland/ bitter

Acids turn litmus paper

red

Bases turn litmus paper

blue

acids feel

irritating to the skin and sticky

bases feel

slippery

whats the pH range of acids?

low (< 7)

whats the pH range of bases?

high (> 7)

what is the characteristic group of acids?

H⁺ ion

what is the characteristic group of bases?

OH⁻

Are acids a strong or weak conductor?

strong conductor in aqueous solutions

Are bases a strong or weak electrolytes?

can be strong or weak

Acids ________ with metals

react

Bases __________ with metals

dont react

Arrhenius theory on acid

acids produce nitrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solutions

Arrhenius theory on bases

bases produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water

Lewis theory on acids

acids are the electron pair acceptor

Lewis theory on bases

bases are the electron pair donor

Bronsted theory on acids

is hydrogen-ion donor (H⁺ or proton)

Bronsted theory on bases

base hydrogen- ion acceptor

What is a titrant?

what is dropped into the titration (the base)

What is an end point?

when the color changes in a titration

What is a standard solution?

what is known

What is neutralization?

a reaction in which and acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water

What is molarity?

a unit of concentration expressed as the number of moles of dissolved solute per liter of solution.

How do you find the end point of a titration?

you read the burette after the color of the solution changes

How do you calculate the end point?

initial reading - final reading = endpoint

How do you complete a titration?

1. Rinse the burette thoroughly with distilled water

2. pour about 10mL of titrant and roll it around the burette to clean it open stopcock and rinse when done

3. fill burette with the titrant slightly past the 0.0mL mark and drain it to exactly 0.0mL and record the initial reading

4. prepare the solution to titrate in an Erlynmeyer flask with 2-3 drops of indicator and swirl the solution

5. begin titrating by slowly opening and closing the stopcock and swirling the solution until the solution becomes a light pink

6. Record he final reading and subtract from the initial

pOH=

-log [ OH- ]

pH + pOH =

14

[ H⁺ ] =

10⁻ᵖʰ

[ OH- ] =

10⁻ᵖᴼᴴ

pH stands for

power of hydrogen