shows that ingroup and out groups even happens with trivial differences
New cards
21
Robbers Cave Experiment (Sherif et al. 1961)
Creating and overcoming prejudice little boys going to camp different camp based on cabin played separately ate separately formed in group outgroups they fought when told to hang out together shared goal worked to get them to work together (food truck broke down, no water at camp.
New cards
22
Helping Behavior (Bystander effect)
Less likely to help in the presence of others. "Somebody else will help"
New cards
23
Darley and Latane (1968)
study that showed people tend to offer help if they know one else is around
New cards
24
conformity
Occurs when one adjusts behavior and opinions to match others. (hair styles, clothing, trends.)
New cards
25
Asch (1956)
Line length estimation study
New cards
26
Obedience
Obeying orders even if they know it wrong
New cards
27
Stanley Milgram's (1963)
a study of obedience involving "shocking" someone if they get a question wrong
New cards
28
What factors make people less likely to obey
Less authority, having to actively cause harm to someone, if someone also doesn't want to do it.
New cards
29
Health Psychology
Growing area of psychology concerned with the way psychologist can contribute to the promotion and maintenance of health
New cards
30
Biopsychosocial Model of Health
Biology (physically), psychology, and social factors are just as important in the development of disease as biological causes
New cards
31
Stress
a negative emotional state occurring in response to events perceived as taxing or exceeding ability to cope
New cards
32
sources of stress
major events (least), Minor annoyances (second), Chronic stress (Most).
New cards
33
Major events
Life changes, changes daily life in some way
New cards
34
minor annoyances
hassles, traffic, forgetting password
New cards
35
chronic stress
Relatively long-term unpleasantness, work, family stress, money problems, resource problems
New cards
36
resilience
How well you bounce back
New cards
37
Coping
Problem-focused, emotion-focused, Personal control
New cards
38
Problem-focused
tackles problem, removes problem
New cards
39
Emotion-focused
avoiding, "Forget about it for a while"
New cards
40
Personal control
how much control you feel you have
New cards
41
Negative emotion
more likely to have poor health
New cards
42
positive emotion
related to better health
New cards
43
Explanatory style
how one explains failures of defeat
New cards
44
Optimistic explanatory style
Uses external, unstable, and specific explanations for negative events.
New cards
45
Pessimistic Explanatory style
uses internal, stable and global explanations for neg events.
New cards
46
Type A vs. Type B personality
High strung, exaggerated time urgency vs. Laid back, relaxed, and calm
New cards
47
Stress management
Direct action, Palliative Measure
New cards
48
Direct Action
Includes action to change relationship to stress avoid stress escape stress prepare against harm
New cards
49
Palliative Measure
Deals with symptoms rather than the source of stress (Drugs, Positive thinking, exercise.)
New cards
50
Psychopathology
Scientific study of the origins, symptoms and development of psychological disorders or abnormalities
New cards
51
abnormal
rare, statistically unlikely
New cards
52
psychosocial abnormality
goes against social norms, society disapproves or thinks it is strange
New cards
53
personal abnormality
for a given individual, they do not feel themselves
New cards
54
Heuristic
a mental shortcut or rule of thumb that reduces complex problem solving to simpler, rule-based decisions
New cards
55
representativeness heuristic
A heuristic where the chances of an object being in a category is evaluated on how much the object appears alike to one’s mental representation of the category.
New cards
56
availability heuristic
evaluate the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easily instances of it come to mind.
New cards
57
How did they overcome prejudice in Sherif 1961
shared goals worked to get them to work together (food truck broke down, no water at camp.
New cards
58
definition often used for Personal Abnormality?
a psychological condition that is contrary to One's "well-being"
New cards
59
Anxiety disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder Specific phobias social anxiety disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder obsessive compulsion disorder
New cards
60
Psychological or Mental disorder
pattern of psychological symptoms that cause significant personal distress or impairs one's ability to function
New cards
61
Generalized Anxiety disorder
Global persistent, chronic and excessive apprehension (lasting at least 6 months) Anxiety revolves around a wide range of activates, and may not have any apparent justification
(~4%) wanting to stay home, not wanting to go outside
New cards
65
social anxiety disorder
(~12% at some point in life) Person is paralyzed with fear in social situations- avoids social interaction all together
New cards
66
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Long lasting disorder that develops in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma. (Nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance, intense fear)
New cards
67
Obsessive Compulsion disorder
Acting out compulsive behavior to relieve tension associated with obsession
New cards
68
obsessive
recurring thoughts that are troublesome and persist when you try to avoid
New cards
69
compulsions
Behaviors a person feels compelled to preform repeatedly
New cards
70
what are the four main types of phobias
blood-injury-injection (BII) type, situational type (such as planes, elevators, or enclosed places), natural environment type for events one may encounter in nature (for example, heights, storms, and water), and animal type.
New cards
71
triple vulnerabilities
combination of biological, psychological, and specific factors that increase our risk for developing a disorder
New cards
72
Biological vulnerabilities
specific genetic and neurobiological factors that might predispose someone to develop anxiety disorders
New cards
73
Psychological vulnerabilities
refers to the influences that our early experiences have on how we view the world.
New cards
74
Specific vulnerabilities
how our experiences lead us to focus and channel our anxiety
New cards
75
Mood disorders
Major depression Seasonal affective disorder Bipolar disorder
New cards
76
Major depression
very common (16.6% of the population some point in life) emotional- emotion is excessive and not always based on circumstances Behavioral- Slow movements, crying, withdrawal from social activities Cognitive- difficult concentrating, suicidal thoughts physical- change in appetite and sleep patterns; lack of energy and reduced sex drive
New cards
77
Seasonal Affective disorder
Depression that tends to occur in the fall and winter months
New cards
78
Bipolar disorder
Bouts of depression alternates with manic states (depending on types of bipolar disorder) dont sleep, pressured speech, impulsive
New cards
79
factors involved in development and course of disorder
genetic factors, environmental factors, early adversity chronic stress
Constantly on guard, believing other will harm them
New cards
82
Anti-social Disorder
Psychopath or sociopath Violating the rights of other- no guilt or remorse.
New cards
83
Symptoms for Anti-social disorder
not much distress; Grandiose (they think they're better than others) thinking, high self-confidence. 4 % of population generally, not killers but can be
New cards
84
Borderline Personality Disorder
Person is pathologically unstable. Relationships, self-image, and emotions are all unstable
New cards
85
Schizophrenia
"Split-mind"- departure from reality- most extreme mental disorder
New cards
86
what is the Schizophrenia spectrum a disorder of
cognition thinking emotion and perception
New cards
87
What is a positive symptom of Schizophrenia
Hallucinations Disorganized thought and speech Disorganized behavior
New cards
88
Grandeur
See self as famous or exaulted
New cards
89
reference
think chance events are directly related to them
New cards
90
persecution
think they are being conspired against
New cards
91
Types of illusion of false belief
Grandeur Reference Perception (paranoia) being controlled- outside forces exert control on the individual
New cards
92
Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia
Flat affect Avolition Alogia
New cards
93
positive vs. negative symptoms
reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning vs. reflect absence or reduction of normal functioning
New cards
94
flat affect
diminished emotional expression
New cards
95
Avolition
inability to initiate self-directed behavior- may sit still for hours at a time, unable to engage in even simple actions
New cards
96
Alogia
Reduction in production of speech
New cards
97
insight oriented therapies
goal is self-understanding of motives and conflicts
New cards
98
Freuds Psychoanalysis
Conflicts between id, ego, and superego repressed because they cause anxiety. uses projective test. Therapy focuses on past experiences. Expensive
New cards
99
projective test
looking for Reoccurring themes
New cards
100
types of projective test
Free association Rorschach Inkblot test Thematic Apperception Test
Studied by 83 people
Note 
Flashcard (52)