Kinetics
factors that affect the speed of a reaction (how fast the reactant are converted into products)
Reaction Rate
amount of time it takes for reactants —> products
Factors that affect reaction rate
Temp
Concntration
Surface Area
Catalyst
Pressure
Nature of Reactants
Kinetics Temperature
increase temp causes molecule to move faster
Kinetics Concentration
if concentration is increased, more molecules are avalible to react
Kinetics Surface Area
increase surface area provides more molecules that are exposed
Kinetics Catalyst
speeds up a reaction, lowers the amount of energy needed for reaction to occur
Kinetics Pressure
Gas only
increase presure forces gas molecules closer together, increasing chance of reacting
Kinetics Nature of Reactants
State of Matter (solid, liquid, gas)
type of reactant (ionic vs covalent compound)
more bonds that need to be broken
Collision Theory
model that states that molecules (atoms, ions) must collide in order for a reaction to occur
not all collisions result in a reaction
Ineffective Collision
does not result in a reaction
Effective Collision
leads to formation of products
orientation of colliding molecules (lock and key)
energy=colliding molecules must have sufficient energy when they collide in order to break old bonds and form new bonds
Synthesis
A+B →AB
Decomposition
AB →A+B
opposite of Synthesis
Combustion
C, H, O + O² → CO² + H²O
always involves molecule oxygen
Single Replacement
A+BC→AC+B
use Activity Series
one element replaces another in a compound
Double Replacement
AB+CD→AD+CB
use Solubility Rules
positive and negative ions of two reactants are interchanged