bio2 quiz 2

Most biologies used the term ____ noy as a taxoomic group but rather to refer to eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.

Protist

A relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cells of another organism.

Endosymbiosis

First evolved structure in eukaryotes

Mitochondria.

Origin of plastids

Arose from cyanobacteria that were engulfed by a eukaryotic host cell.

Four supergroups of eukaryotes

SAR, Archaeplastida, Amorphea, Excavata.

Supergroups that include protists

SAR, Archaeplastida, Amorphea, Excavata.

Supergroup that includes plants

Archaeplastida.

Supergroup that includes fungi

Amorphea.

Supergroup that includes animals

Amorphea.

Do all algae belong to the same supergroup?

No, different algae occur in different eukaryotic supergroups.

Type of algae most closely related to plants

Green algae, specifically charophytes.

A protist in the Excavata supergroup that is a parasite causing severe diarrhea in humans.

Giardia intestinalis

Structure of diatoms

Photosynthetic protists with a glass-like wall made of silicon dioxide. (Silica)

Abundance of diatoms in the ocean

They are abundant; a bucket of seawater can contain millions of diatoms.

Which type of large multicellular algae is especially common along temperate coasts that have cold water currents?

Brown algae.

Flagella of dinoflagellates

They have two flagella.

Red tide

A large bloom of dinoflagellates that can discolour coastal waters and produce toxins.

Plasmodium effect on humans

Parasite that causes malaria.

Transmission of Plasmodium

Via the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito.

Structures for locomotion in Paramecium

Cilia.

Pseudopodia

Extensions of cytoplasm used for movement and capturing food.

Protists with pseudopodia

Amoebas, including rhizarians and amoebozoans.

Heterotrophic protists with silica skeletons

Radiolarians.

Photosynthetic protists with calcium carbonate shells

Foraminiferans (forams).

Phycoerythrin

A photosynthetic pigment in red algae that gives them a reddish color.

Algae used as a wrap for sushi

Red algae, specifically Porphyra, used to make nori.

Main groups of green algae

Charophytes and Chlorophytes.

Which group of green algae is most closely related to plants?

Charophytes.

Example of a green algae that is a supercell

Caulerpa, a giant multinucleate cell.

Feeding stages of plasmodial slime molds vs. cellular slime molds

Plasmodial slime molds are one giant mass of cytoplasm; cellular slime molds consist of individual cells.

Conditions stimulating plasmodial slime mold to produce spores

When habitat begins to dry out or food runs out.

Cheating in cellular slime molds

Some Dictyostelium cells remain in the spore-producing area, giving them a reproductive advantage.

Slime mold with a supercell

Plasmodial slime molds.

Effect of Entamoeba histolytica on humans

Causes amoebic dysentery.

Effect of Trypanosoma on humans

Causes sleeping sickness and Chagas disease.

Function of the eyespot on Euglena

Helps detect light direction.

Euglena's movement toward light

Because it is photosynthetic and needs light for photosynthesis. Moving toward light helps it obtain the light energy needed to make food.

Euglenids' photosynthesis origin

Arose through secondary endosymbiosis with green algae.

Part if Group Excavata

Giardia Intestinalis

Part if Group Amorphea

Amoeba proteus and Slime molds

Part if Group Archaeplastida

Volvox, Green Algae, Red Algae

Part if Group SAR

Plasmodium, Diatoms, Brown Algae, Dinoflagellates, Paramecium, Radiolarians, Foraminiferans , Red Algae, Green Algae, Slime molds