ASI202 Exam 5 KSU

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top 3 us broiler producers

tyson foods, pilgrims pride, sanderson farms

unique about poultry

readily digest starch. no taste buds, no palatability, increased feet intake, highly efficient. marketed 6-7w age

broiler f/g

1.5:1-1.7:1

poultry AA/minerals

excrete uric acid not urea, so they need arginine and glycine. high Ca,P. rapid growth/eggshell quality. met/cys for feathers.

wet litter

wet excrement in poultry, causes wet ground, possible feet irritation

improve broiler performance

increase breast meat. high AA content, calorie:lysine, minimize abdominal fat deposition (genetics/energy ratio)

limiting AA poultry

met/cyst, lys, thr

phase feeding

feeding diff diets for diff stages in life. poultry, 3-4 diets for first 6 weeks. prestarter, starter, grower, finisher, withdrawl. less overfeeding, easier to meet requirements at diff times in life.

particle size

mash nor crumble! make it particles so they dont have to work so much to eat. greater starch digestibility. 800+micron particle!

broiler key concepts

maximize edible meat with smallest amt feed. profit, bird health, environmental impact (nutrient excretion), meat quality

laying breeds

.7-.8 eggs per day. small bodies, low maitenence, high livability, begin laying @ 3m

layers diet

low CP, low dietary energy. feed mash. high Ca (3-4%). limestone!

xanthophylls

carotenoid pigments, make yellow egg yolk. alfalfa, corn, marigold

turkeys

market in 14-22w, 30-40lbs. 2.5-2.8 f/g.

feeding turkeys

6 phase diets. 16-26% CP. met/cyst first limit, then lys. argining high for starter diets.

turkey feed concern

start chicks on feed very quick. crumbles! low vitamin E. rickets a problem. ascities a problem.

US dairy cattle breeds

mostly holstein, some jersey

average dairy cow lifespan

2.7 lactations

dry period, dairy

cows arent milked to prepare for next lactation.

feeding calves

rapid growth, rumen development. 1gallon colostrum at birth. 10% body weight milk, also grain. weaned when 2lbs grain per day. best for rumen/reticulum growth

dry period phase one

far off. until 3w prior to calving. maintain body condition, feed cheap. low quality forage, limited grain.

dry period phase 2

DMI declines. high risk for ketosis. add anionic product.

lactation phase 3

fresh. at calving, ends after 3w. increase energy for milk production. higher forage quality, increase CP

lactation phase 4-6

from 2-3w to dry off. maximize production! best milk production 4-5 phase. high quality forage.

beef cattle energy/protein

net energy, metabolizable protein

energy flow

gross energy=fecal + digestible energy=urine/gas+metabolizable energy=heat loss+net energy

cow/calf production

dry lots and pasture. preserved forages

stocker/backgrounding

pasture!!

feedlot

finishing for 4-5m. dry lots. preserved forages/grains

poor nutrition on cow

dystocia/calving difficulty, delayed return to estrus, poor fertility

poor nutrition on calf

poor survival, lower milk availability, poor muscle/fat deposition

creep feeding

pre weaning. reduces stress. helps adapt to solid feeds

fenceline weaning

reduces behavior stress

cold stress

increase energy density in diet. good quality hay. free mineral/salt access. give shelter. increase feed

heat stress

cool, clean water. high quality forage. feed during cooler times of day. electrolytes/mineral supplements. shade and ventilation.

fescue toxicosis

legumes. give hq feed supplements. endophyte free fescue varieties. give lots of energy.