Sleep Stages, Sleep Loss, Sleep Disorders, and Dreams

True or False: Sleep differs from any unconsciousness caused by a coma, hibernation, or anesthesia because it's periodic and natural

True

Biological clock, that produces our regular body rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

circadian rhythms

Jet lag, all-nighters, and late day caffeine consumption are all factors that circadian rhythms

disrupt

How many sleep stages are there?

four

Stage in sleep cycle when people are relaxed, their breathing slows, and are ready to fall asleep (but technically still awake); lasts about 20 mins; sometimes, hallucinations or hypnagogic sensations occur

NREM-1

Stage of deep sleep; difficult to wake up from; muscles go limp; lasts for about 30 mins

NREM-3

On average, how long does one full sleep cycle last?

90 minutes

Slow, irregular brain waves of a relaxed but awake state; occur during NREM-1

alpha waves

Bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity; occur during NREM-2

sleep spindles

During this stage of sleep, someone can be awakened without too much difficulty, but they are now clearly asleep

NREM-2

Large, slow brain waves that occur during NREM-3

delta waves

Recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; muscles remain relaxed, though other body systems can be active; eye movement occurs during this stage

REM

Pair of cell clusters in hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm; causes pineal gland to adjust melatonin production

Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)

Theory that sleep helped keep people safe during hours where vision was limited and predators were active

adaptive theory

Theory that sleep helps recuperate, by restoring bodily tissues, especially those of the brain

restoration theory

Theory that sleep helps restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day's experiences

Cognitive/information-processing theory

Sleep debt lasts for up to…

two weeks

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

insomnia

Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; lapse into REM sleep randomly

narcolepsy

Sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakening

sleep apnea

Sleep disorder in which normal REM paralysis does not occur; instead, twitching, talking, or even kicking or punching may occur, often acting out ones dream

REM sleep behavior disorder

Sleep disorder characterized by high arousal or appearance of being terrified while asleep (occurs in NREM-3, not REM)

night terrors

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind

REM dream

The symbolic, remembered storyline of a dream (according to Freud's theory)

manifest content

The underlying meaning of a dream (according to Freud's theory)

latent content

"Dreams help sift, sort, and fix the day's experiences in our memory" is an idea called

information processing theory

"Dreams spring from the mind's relentless effort to make sense of unrelated visual bursts" is basis for theory called

activation-synthesis theory

Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation can be explained by…

REM rebound

The __ lobe shuts down during REM, which explains why we don't often remember our dreams (because that lobe forms memories)

frontal

So, if you remember a dream, that means you likely woke up _ a dream

during