NDA TBL 3 The Pathogenesis_ Histopathological features and clinical Presentation of Coeliac Disease

Coeliac disease is best described as:

An autoimmune inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa triggered by gluten

Which dietary protein component primarily triggers coeliac disease?

Gliadin in wheat

Which HLA haplotypes are most commonly associated with coeliac disease?

HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8

Which of the following best describes “villous atrophy”?

Flattening and loss of mucosal villi leading to reduced absorptive surface

What is the function of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in coeliac disease pathogenesis?

Deaminates gliadin peptides, enhancing their immunogenicity

Which antibodies are most useful for screening and diagnosis of coeliac disease?

Anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial, and anti-tTG antibodies

In coeliac disease, the predominant immune response is mediated by:

T-cell–mediated (cellular) immunity

Histologically, advanced coeliac disease shows:

Intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy

Which chromosome region has been associated with coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes susceptibility?

Chromosome 15q26

The presence of gliadin-reactive T cells leads to:

Production of interferon-γ and proinflammatory cytokines

What is “crypt hyperplasia”?

Hyperplastic elongation of intestinal crypts due to increased cell proliferation

Which of the following is a common extraintestinal manifestation of coeliac disease?

Iron deficiency anaemia

Tetany in coeliac disease results from deficiency of:

Calcium and vitamin D

“Steatorrhoea” refers to:

Fatty, pale, foul-smelling stools due to fat malabsorption

Which of the following is true about the genetics of coeliac disease?

It shows familial clustering with multifactorial inheritance

Which of the following factors is thought to increase coeliac disease risk in infancy?

Rotavirus infection before one year of age

In coeliac disease, ataxia occurs primarily due to:

Cerebellar involvement leading to poor coordination

Which of the following laboratory findings supports coeliac disease?

Elevated tTG or anti-endomysial antibodies

Which is the most likely consequence of untreated coeliac disease?

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

Which of the following statements about prognosis is correct?

Gluten-free diet usually leads to full mucosal recovery