CAMBRIDGE IELTS 20 - TEST 2 - PASSAGE 2

psychologist

someone who studies the mind and emotions and their relationship to behavior

put off

delay, postpone, defer #do now, start immediately

break this habit

stop this routine, change this pattern, end this behavior

procrastination

putting things off, delaying action, postponing tasks

delay

postpone, put off, defer #do now, start immediately

urgent

important, high-priority, critical #unimportant

from time to time

occasionally, sometimes, every now and then #always

compose

write, draft, create #delete

let down

disappoint, fail, upset someone #please, make happy

put together

assemble, prepare, arrange

at hand

close in time, immediate

deep down

in reality, really, truly #outwardly

get on with

continue, proceed, carry on #stop, quit

procrastinate

delay, put off, postpone #act, begin

berate

tell off, criticise, scold #praise, compliment

contrary to

opposite of, against, unlike #like, the same as

belief

view, opinion, thought #fact, proof

mood management

control of feelings

keen to

eager to, willing to, excited to #unwilling to

threaten

endanger, put at risk, jeopardize #protect

sense of self-worth

personal value, self-esteem, confidence #insecurity, self-doubt

anxious

worried, nervous, uneasy #calm, relaxed

brain imaging

scanning the brain, brain scan, brain picture

detection

discovery, finding, spotting #missing

emotion regulation

control of feelings

chronically

all the time, continually, constantly

emotionally loaded

causing strong emotion, difficult to deal with, stressful #simple, easy

prime candidates for

strong possibilities for, likely choices for, ideal targets for #unlikely for, bad candidates for

self-esteem

self-confidence, self-worth, self-respect #self-doubt, insecurity

perfectionist

person who wants everything to be perfect

judge

evaluate, assess, criticise

harshly

strictly, severely, cruelly

evaluate

check, assess, judge

rewarding

satisfying, fulfilling, gratifying #unsatisfying

condition

train, teach, prepare

engage in

take part in, participate in, get involved in #avoid, quit

mood boost

increase in good feelings, lift in spirits, positive feeling encouragement #mood drop

in the long run

eventually, over time, later on #in the short term

temporary

short-term, brief, not permanent #permanent

sense of guilt

feeling of shame, remorse, regret #sense of pride

reinforce

strengthen, support, encourage #weaken

tendency

habit, inclination, likelihood

cost of

negative effect of, price of, downside of #benefit of, advantage of

toll on

damage to, harm to, cost to #benefit to, improvement for

productivity

efficiency, work rate, performance #inefficiency

misconduct

bad behaviour, wrongdoing, misbehavior

plagiarism

the act of copying others' work without permission #original work

behaviour

way of acting, conduct, demeanor

be closely linked with

strongly connected to, highly related to, associated with #unrelated to, separate from

fraudulent excuse

dishonest reason, lie, false justification #genuine reason, honest excuse

on average

usually, normally, generally #unusually, exceptionally

a quarter of

25% of, one-fourth of, a fourth #all of, the whole

workday

a working day #weekend, day off

outcome

result, consequence, effect

survey

poll, questionnaire, investigation #guess, assumption

annual

happening every year, yearly, once a year #daily, weekly

a measure of

way to gauge, a standard for, an indicator of

chronic

constant, persistent, long-term #temporary, occasional

correlate with

go together with, be connected with, be associated with #be separate from, be unrelated to

well-being

health and happiness, comfort, welfare #sickness, misery

depression

deep sadness, low spirits #happiness, joy

across

in, throughout, over many

headache

head pain, pain in the head, sore head #relief

flu

an infectious illness like a very bad cold that also causes a fever

digestive

stomach and digestion problem, stomach-related, intestinal

destructive coping strategy

harmful way of dealing with problems #positive solution

prone to

likely to, tend to, susceptible to #resistant to

account for

consider, take into consideration, allow for

personality

character, nature, trait #physical appearance

trait

quality, characteristic, feature

demographics

population data, population statistics, information about groups of people

route out of

way out of, way to escape from, path away from #path into, way into

vicious

harmful, destructive, negative #positive

cycle

loop, repetitive circle, repeating sequence

evidence-based

supported by proof, proven, research-backed #unproven

fend off

keep away, prevent, resist

distraction

things that stop you focusing #focus, concentration

occupy one's mind

fill one's thought, be on one's mind, take up one's attention #forget

compassion

kindness, sympathy, understanding #cruelty, indifference

break the cycle

break the habit, stop the habit, end the pattern

overly

too, excessively, too much #slightly, a little

critical

disapproving, judgmental, fault-finding

take the edge off

make less intense, soothe, soften #intensify

back on track

return to the right path, back to normal, progressing again