Protists

Heterokonts

group of flagellated, mostly algae/diatom species

Photoplankton (phytoplankton)

photosynthetic algae+cyanobacteria found near the surface of the ocean

Zooplankton

microscopic animals that swim or drift near the ocean surface, feed on phytoplankton

Euglenoids

biflagellate, mvmt towards flagellum, contain chloroplasts, 1/3 photosynthetic

Storage: paramylon

Pigments: a, b, carotenoids

Pellicle

protein strips in spiral surrounding cell (beneath membrane)

Eyespot (stigma)

(protists) detect light for optimal photosynthesis, move towards light

Phylum Cryptophyta (cryptomonads)

cold water, 4 membranes surrounding chloroplast w/ nucleomorph

Pigments: phycobilins

Phylum Haptophyta: Haptophytes

marine phytoplankton; have haptonema and coccoliths

Pigments: fucoxanthin

Haptonema

Extension protruding from coccolithophores that may have to do with feeding or protection.

Cocoliths

calcium carbonate button like structures on members of phylum haptophyta

Dinoflagellates

plant-like protist that causes red tide and bioluminescence

biflagellate (spin like top), contain theca

Symbiote in zooxanthellae in coral

Storage: starch

Pigments: a, b, carotenoid peridinin

Class Bacillariophyceae: Diatoms

frustules like petri dish; 2 types centric (radially sym) and pennate (bi-lateral sym), make up diatomaceous earth

Storage: chrysolaminarin

Pigments: a, b, carotenoids, fucoxanthin

Class Chyrsophyceae: Golden Algae

freshwater photosynthetic organisms

Storage: chrysolaminarin

Pigments: fucoxanthin

Class Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)

fresh water, non motile, cell walls have cellulose

Storage: oil

Pigments: a, c

Class Phaeophyceae (brown algae)

big kelps! cold marine shores, contain holdfast, stipe, blade, floats, source of algin

Storage: laminarin, mannitol

Pigments: a, c, fucoxanthin

Phylum Rhodophyta: Red Algae

tropical marine seaweeds, nori

cell walls contain agar and carrageenans, can store CaCO3

Storage: floridean starch

Pigments: phycobilin

Phylum Chlorophyta: Green Algae

mostly freshwater, unicellular or multicellular colonial sheets or spheres

most closely related to plants

Storage: starch

Pigments: chlorophyll a+b

Green Algae: Class Chlorophyceae

mitotic spindle replaced by microtubules of phycoplast (microtubule part of cytokinesis)

Contains: Chlamydomonas, volvox, hydrodictyon

Green Algae: Class Ulvophyceae

spindle persists during mitosis

Contains: ulva, codium

Green Algae: Class Charophyceae

persistent spindle but forms phragmoplast (microtubule scaffold for late cytokinesis); closest related to plants

Contains: spirogyra, desmids, coleochaetes, chara

Chlamydomonas

(Chlorophyceae)

freshwater, unicellular, motile, contains eyespot, nucleus, 2 flagella, large crescent chloroplast w/ pyrenoid

Volvox

(Chlorophyceae)

motile, fresh water hollow sphere colony with daughter colonies; each cell is biflagellate, like Chlamydomonas

Hydrodictyon

(cholophyceae)

AKA water net, hollow cylinders with reticulate chloroplasts

Ulva (sea lettuce)

(Ulvophyceae)

nonmotile, multicellular flat thallus w/ modified 'holdfast'

Codium

(Ulvophyceae)

rope-like branched filaments

Spirogyra

(Charohyceae)

colonial filaments; spiraling chloroplast with pyrenoids, nucleus and cellulose cell walls

Desmids

(Chlorophyta)

fresh water, 2 sections each form crazy shapes

Coleochaetes

(Charophyceae)

disc shaped multicellular with plasmodesmata

Chara

(Charophyceae)

fresh water, apical growth thallus with nodes and whorls of branches

Oomycota (oomycetes)

Either "water molds" growing as mass of filaments (aka saprolgenia) or terrestrial plan pathogens (potato blight)

Saprolegnia

Water Molds: not a fungus but looks and behaves like one

Myxomycota (plasmodial slime molds)

exists in two forms:

Plasmodium (favorable) and sporangia (unfavorable)

Plasmodium

(favorable conditions form of plasmodial slime molds) multinucleate mass of protoplasm

Sporangia

(unfavorable conditions form of plasmodial slime molds)

produce spores

Dictyosteliomycota (cellular slime molds)

exists in two forms:

myxamoebas (favorable) and pseudoplasmodium (unfavorable)

Myxamoebas

An independent, unicellular, haploid life stage of cellular slime molds.

pseudoplasmodium

a slightly motile aggregation of cells (slug) that produces fruiting bodies, which in turn produce spores; cells aggregate via AMP hormone