Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle - Fill in the Blank Flashcards

Flashcards cover key concepts from the notes on generic signaling pathways, second messenger signaling, and the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell cycles, including pathway components, second messengers, kinase cascades, and cell-cycle regulators.

The major components of a generic signaling pathway are (A) the , (B) the receptor, (C) the signaling molecule(s), and (D) the cellular effect.

signal

Ligand binding causes the receptor to undergo a change.

conformational

In second messenger signaling, PIP2 is cleaved into DAG and IP3; DAG stays at the .

membrane

A cascading signaling pathway shows with each additional level of the kinase cascade.

amplification

Feedback occurs when kinase 3 phosphorylates kinase 1, thereby inactivating it.

inhibition

The major components of a generic signaling pathway are signal, receptor, signaling molecule(s), and the .

cellular effect

Second messenger signaling: IP3 triggers release of from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Ca2+

Type of signal dictates Type of .

receptor

Example signals: Estrogen versus insulin illustrate that the dictates the receptor type.

type of signal

Mitogens are chemical messengers that signal a cell to .

cycle

CDKs have regulatory partners called .

cyclins

Cyclins are synthesized and degraded sequentially as cells move through the .

cell cycle

DNA is replicated in the phase.

S phase

The four stages Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase comprise the phase.

M phase

Checkpoints to assess quality include the G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the checkpoint.

M checkpoint

Cyclin B/CDK1 is primarily associated with the phase.

M phase

Cyclin D/CDK4/6 is important for progression through the phase.

G1

Cyclin E/CDK2 drives the transition.

G1-S

Cyclin A/CDK2 is associated with the phase.

S

Prokaryotic cell division occurs by .

binary fission

The process of turning off a signal is achieved by feedback.

negative