muscular system medical terminology

musculoskeletal system

muscular and skeletal system: muscles, bones, fascia, tendons, ligaments, joints, and bone marrow

muscul/o

muscle

muscle

tissue consisting of cells that contract

skeletal muscle

muscle that is primarily responsible for voluntary movement and posture, connecting to bones via tendons

striated muscle

appearance of alternating light and dark bands

viscer/o

organ

cardi/o

heart

voluntary muslce

muscle of action that is under the control of will

volunt/o

free will

-ary

pertaining to

fascia

thin sheath of connective tissue that binds bundles of muscle fibers and separates individual muscles

fasci/o

fascia

tendon

strong, fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

contract

to shorten, draw together with tension

con-

with, together

-ion

aciton, process

muscle tone

natural tension present in resting muscles

deltoid muscle

triangular, fan-shaped lateral shoulder muscles

delta

triangle

-oid

resembling

pectoralis

chest muscles

major

bigger, greater

minor

smaller, lesser

rectus

straight

oblique

slanting

biceps brachii

2 headed muscle of the front of the upper arm

brachii

arm

bi-

two

triceps brachii

3-headed muscle of the back of the upper arm

tri-

three

ceps

head

dorsi

back

glute/o

buttocks

gluteal

pertaining to the buttocks

maximus

biggest greatest

medius

middle gluteus

medi/o

middle

minimus

smallest

femoris

group of four large muscles

quadri-

four

femor/o

femur

extension

stretch out, straighten, increase the angle between two bones

ex-

out, out of, away from

tens/o

stretch, strain

flexion

bend or flex, decreases the angle between two bones or body parts

flex/o

to bend

-or

one that does

abduction

bring away from the midline

ab-

away, away from

duct/o

to bring

adduction

bring toward the midline of the body

ad-

to, toward

inversion

turn inward

vers/o

to turn

eversion

turn outward

e-

out, out of

supination

palm of hand to face upward

-ation

action, process

pronation/pronate

rotational movement of the forearm, hand, or foot to face downwards

elevation

moving a body part upward

depression

moving a body part downward

de-

without, not, against

press/o

press down, squeeze

pro-

before, in front of

tract/o

draw, pull

circum-

around

inflammation

reactions in blood vessels and tissues in response to injury: heat, edema, pain, erythema

bradykinesia

abnormal slowness of movement

brady

slow

dyskinesia

having uncontrolled or abnormal involuntary movement

dys-

bad, difficult, abnormal

-kinesia

condition of movement

hypo-

below, insufficient

atrophy

wasting away or a decrease in size of a muscle due to lack of use

dystonia

abnormal muscle tone

-tonia

condition of tone

hypertrophy

increase in size, not in number, of individual tissue element

-trophy

development, nutrition

my/o

muscle

compartment syndrome

inflammation with a muscle compartment that causes increased pressure

syndrome

group of signs and symptoms that consistently occur together, indicating specific medical condition

contracture

shortening of muscles, tendons or ligaments that cause the joints to become stiff

fibromyalgia

pain in the muscle fibers

fibr/o

fiber

intermittent claudication

muscle pain caused by ischemia of the muscles

muscle spasm/cramp

sudden, involuntary, painful contractions of a muscle or group of muscles

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia

muscle weakness

-asthenia

weakness

myopathy

general term for any muscle disease

-rrhexis

rupture, tear

polymyositis

simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles

poly-

many

rhabdomyolysis

destruction of muscle which leads to a release of myoglobin into the blood

-lysis

break down, destruction

tetany

type of severe muscle spasm

torticollis

muscle spasms of the neck

carpal tunnel

compression of the median nerve in the wrist by prolonged, repetitive movement

tendonitis

inflammation of the tendon

adhesion

bands of scar tissue that form when internal body surfaces stick together