ansc 250- exam 1

what is the definition of milk

lacteal secretion of mammals that is practically free of colostrum

how much water makes up milk

about 87%

what is colostrum

the first milk, higher in protein, immunoglobulins

what is the pasteurized milk ordinance (PMO)

the standars of how milk is regulated in the US

how many somatic cells can be found in milk

less than 400 k cells/mL

what % of fat is found in skim milk?

less than 0.5%

what % of fat is found in 1% milk?

1%

what % of fat is found in 2% milk?

2%

what % of fat is found in whole milk?

3.25%

how long does VAT pasteurization last for

145F for 30 min

how long does HTST pasteurization last for

161 F for 15 sec

how long does UP (ultra pasteurization) pasteurization last for

192-212 F for about than 1 sec

how long does UHT pasteurization last for

280 F for 2 sec

what is homogenization

emulsifies the milk fat throughout the milk (no big globs)

where is the cream line in milk

at the top section of the milk

what are some quality defects can be found in milk

cooked, lacks freshness, oxidized, flat, etc

how much is the protein and fat in cheese is concentrated

10 times

most cheeses are pasteurized T or F

true

what can dictate how long the shelf life of a dairy product is

depends on the pasteurization type

what is the definition of overrun

the amount of air added to a product

what is the top state for dairy

california

what can somatic cell count in milk tell us

bacterial infections (mastitis)

what breed of cow is this

holstein

what sets hosteins apart from other breeds

highest producing of milk, large frame

what breed of cow is this

guernsey

what breed of cow is this

jersey

what breed of cow is this

ayrshire

what breed of cow is this

brown swiss

what sets the guernsey apart from other breeds

golden milk (higher beta carotene), A2:A2 production, high fat and protein

what is the routine for milking

gloves, pre drip (disinfectant), clean towels, milker, post drip

what is the main source of energy for milk production

VFA (volatile fatty acids)

what is used for a post drip

iodine

what is used for a pre drip

HCl (hydrochloric acid)

what type of milk replacer is used for newly born calves

whey based replacer

what health condition is most deadly to newly born calves

scours

what is the breeding age for cows

14 months

what is subclinical mastitis

detecting biological changes that occur with mammary infection/ inflammation

what is clinical mastitis

red, hot, swollen udder with clots in milk, cow is dehydrated

what will positive mastitis samples to the viscosity

increases the viscosity of the sample

what BCS is best for cows

BCS of 3

what does the gonadotropin releasing hormone do

signals release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland

what does progesterone do

inhibits GnRH release and reproductive behaviors

what does estrogen do

stimulates sexual behaviors and GnRH release

what does the luteinizing hormone do

stimulates ovulation and P₄ release

what does the follicle stimulating hormone do

helps with follicular development and estrogen release

what does testoserone do

promotes growth, spermatogenesis, and secretions from accessory glands

what does the luteinizing hormone do in males

stimulates leydig cells to produce T

what does FSH do for males

stimulates sertoli cells to aid in spermatogenesis

what animals are polyestrous

cow, queen, sow, rodents

what animals are monoestrous

dog, wolf, fox, bear

what animals are seasonally polyestrous

mare, ewe, doe, elk

what is the gestation length of a dog

65 days

what is the gestation length of a cow

285 days

what is the gestation length of a queen

65 days

what is the gestation length of a mare

11 months

how long does estrus last for a cow

15 hours

what are sire summaries (EPD)

predictions of the progeny performance from the sire

why are sires used in EPD

able to produce more progeny

what is a parity

the number of litters a sow has had

what are you to expect if a sow is farrowing

agitation, nesting, milk, flat sow, “the look”

what is the national goal of pigs per litter

12 pigs/ litter

when is a pig moved to a farrowing crate

around day 112

what is the number one cause of death in piglets

crushing

since piglets cant regulate their temperature, what is used?

heat mats and light, or use mom

what processing need to be done between day 0-3

iron supplements

what processing needs to be done between days 0-7

needle teeth, ear notch, tail docking, castration

what is the top country of pork

china

what is the top producer of pork in the US

iowa

what are some diseases that heavily affect the swine industry

ASF (african swine fever), FMD (foot and mouth disease), and PED ( porcine e. diarrhea)

how is the swine industry structured

vertically integrated

how long is the gestation of a pig

112-115 days

what class species cant throw up

rodentia

where are ferrets illegal in the US

california and hawaii

what two animals are commonly known carriers of rabie

ferrets and chincillas

ferrets can tolerate temperatures above 80 F T or F

false

what are the young, male, and female of ferrets called

kits, hob, jill

what type of bedding shouldnt be used for ferrets

pine or cedar shavings

what type of rats contributed to the blood lines of lab rats today

albino fancy rats

it is best to quarantine mice and rats before putting them with other animals T or F

true

what is the male, female, and young of mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters called

buck, doe, pup

what is malocclusions

the incisors have grown so much and start to separate that the animal cant eat

what type of material should not be used for rats and mice

anything wood

what is a male, female, and young guniea pig called

boar, sow, pup

what type of fermenters are rabbits, guniea pigs, chinchillas

hind-gut fermenters

heat stress is common in rabbits T or F

true

what animal has ears like an animal

chinchilla

what animal is immunologically privileged in their cheeks

hamsters

what can hamsters do if the temperature gets below 48 F

pseudohibernation

what type of diet do hamsters have

granivorous

what is an ectotherm

depends on the environment to regulate body temperature

what type of eyes do chameleons have

turrett eyes (360 degrees)

what is metabolic bone disease (MBD)

secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism that is due to poor diet or not enough exposure to a light spectrum

what is a venomous animal

if it bites you, YOU DIE

what should you not do to snakes after feeding

disturb them since it may cause regurgitation

what environment do turtles live in

aquatic

what environment do tortoises live in

terrestrial

what is the upper shell of a turtle called

carapace

what is lower shell of a turtle called

plastron

what animal can give a halucenogenic effect if licked

Bufonidae toads

what type of skin gland in toads secretes pheromones, toxins, and analgesic

glandular