Ancient Rome Final Review

Octavian

Caesar’ heir and grandnephew - would become known as the first emperor of Rome - became Augustus

Etruscans

Indo-European group who settled in central Italy - introduced toga and short cloak, introduced organized army

Roman Senate

300 patricians who served for life who guided Rome influencing law

Scipio Africanus

Roman general who defeated Hannibal at Zama

paterfamilias

guardians of females and arranged marriages (age 12 minimum - males were 14)

1st Punic War

war fought between Rome and Carthage - Rome sent soldiers to Sicily - had been colonized by Carthaginians - Rome built a navy and defeated Carthage

2nd Punic War

Carthage invaded Rome from the north (Spain), won and controlled for a while before Rome rebuilt an army - war eventually went to Carthage where the Carthaginians were defeated

3rd Punic War

war fought 50 years later in which Rome completely destroyed Carthage

Nero

relative to Augustus - became emperor after Claudius - selected because he was a relative to Augustus - killed his own mother - took more power away from Senate - Legions revolted against him and he committed suicide

Hannibal

greatest of the Carthaginian generals

First Triumvirate

Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar

Augustus

Octavian, meant “the revered one”

Law of Nations

laws created to govern both Romans and non-Romans

patricians

 wealthy landowners who became the ruling class - held government offices in the political structure of Rome

Julius Caesar

 member of The First Triumvirate- military leader in Gaul - became first dictator of Rome - Senate told him to give up his power and he refused, led his army into Rome, fought a civil war against Pompey and won

Latins

group of Indo-Europeans who settled east of Rome in central Italy - herders/farmers- spoke Latin and introduced their alphabet- lived in Latium

legion

military unit of 5000 soldiers created by Augustus

Spartacus

slave who led slave revolts defeating several Roman armies before he was caught and crucified

Antony

Caesar’s ally and assistant - fought Octavian for total control - lost - partnered with Cleopatra V11

Crassus

member of The First Triumvirate- richest man in Rome - military leader - led in Syria - killed in battle leaving 2 members fighting for control