Horses and Humans Exam 1

12th century

medival knights

13th and 14th century

Used in armies in Mongolia

Modern

Work, sports, and companionship

Theory of coevolution

Two or more species reciprocally affect each others evolution

Benefit of a hierarchy

Simplifies issues, promotes stability, and decreases injuries

High ranking

Foals grow faster, high mares breed earlier, and high stallions are more likely to acquire mares earlier

Low ranking

Less likely to develop oral stereotypes

Order of warnings

1) Laid back ears

2) Tail swishing

3) Kicks that don’t make contact

Play

Face fighting, front strikes, and exchanged mostly between bonded pairs

Agression

Stallions rear up, mares hind kick, and horses will defend

Orphans are…

dangerous and lack social skills

Homing

Finding ones way back home

Time period in order…

1) Eohippus

2) Miohippus

3) Merychippus

4) Piliohippus

5) Equus

Eohippus

1) 4 toe front and 3 toe back

2) low crown teeth (eats bushes)

3) 25-50 cm (small dog)

Miohippus

1) 3 toes

2) Premolars became molars (eats bushes)

3) 60 cm (medium dog)

Merychippus

1) One big toe

2) High crowned teeth (GRAZERS NOW)

3) 10 hh (shetland)

Piliohippus

1) Hoof

2) High crown

3) Donkey sized

Equus

1) Hoof

2) High crown

3) 12-13 hh

Przewalksii

Only non extinct primitive horse. Native to Mongolia

Tarpan

Extinct primative horse. Native to Eurasia.

Forest Horse

Extinct primitive horse

Tundra Horse

Extinct primitive horse. Native to Siberia. Ancestor to todays Yakut.

Onager

Donkey from the Bible. Found in Asia. Endangered

True Wild Ass

Ancestor of todays donkey. Found in Africa

Plains Zebra

Most abundant

Mountain Zebra

Vulnerable

Grevy’s zebra

Largest and most primitive

Burchells and Quagga zebra

Extinct