M5 - Medical Informatics

Health Informatics

is a study of the acquisition ,
storage, retrieval, and use of health care
information and resource for the purpose of
optimizing patient care.

1950's

Health informatics began in ____

1970s

when did health informatics become a field of
study that included subject area such as DNA and
Biological data.

DATA (Datum)

are base of the hierarchy and represent observations
or symbols of differences in nature.
Example: one number does not have meaning on its own.

INFORMATION

assigns meaning to data:
Example: Four tires in a car.

KNOWLEDGE

an information that can be justified as being correct or
true.
Example: Three tires on a car suggest a car will not roll evenly.

WISDOM

use of knowledge (Critical Thinking) to make sound intelligent
decisions.
Example A car with three tires is dangerous to drive

Level 1

is a nonelectric data such as
paper forms and handwritten notes.

Level 2

is unstructed, viewable electronic
data such paper forms that have been
scanned into a computer.

Level 3

is structured viawable electronic
data electonically entered that cainnot
be computed by other computer.

Level 4

is computable electronic data
that can be computed by other
computers.

The Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act of 1996

HIPAA

HIPAA

Its a Federal Law that required the creation of
national standards to protect sensitive
patient health information from being
disclosed without the patient’s consent or
knowledge.
is legislation providing data privacy and security
for medical information (Accountability).
- ensure individuals are able to maintain health
ensurance jobs (Portability).

The Health Information Tecnology for
Economic and Clinical Health

HITECH

HITECH

is part of the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act (ARRA) – an economic
stimulus package introduced during the
Obama administration.

Feb. 17, 2009

when was HITECH assigned into law

Five HITECH Act goals

Improve quality, safety, and efficiency;
Engage patients in their care;
Increase coordination of care;
Improve the health status of the population;
Ensure privacy and security.

American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009

ARRA

ARRA

- the purpose to this act was to promote
the adoptation of meaningful use of MU
of health information Technology.

Four Categories included under HITECH

1.Promotion of Health IT
2.Testing of Health IT
3.Grants and Loans Funding
4.Privacy

HITECH

Address privacy and security concerns associated with the
electronic transmission of health information, partially through
provisions that strengthen civil and criminal enforcement of
HIPAA rules

BENEFITS of HITECH

-The information is stored and can
retrived over and over without
information loss.
-Allow a number of key people to access
information from anywhere, anytime.
-Allows patients some access to their
health record with the ability to contact
physicians offices online prescription,
appointments lab result and etc.
-Patient data also can be shared with
disease registries such as the center for
disease control and prevention (CDC).

BARRIERS of HITECH

-Physician and Clinicians lack of
-Health Informatics expert to
train and teach with system.
-Cost of Technology
lack of data sharing standards
across the nation.
-Changes of workflow.

Hardware
Software
Data algorithms
Searching and sorting of data.

IT Professional deal mostly with data and focus on
technology associated with handling of data such
as:

Conceptual Model

- Only relevant information is represented
- contain data such as temperature blood pressure,
pulse and weight.

Computational Model

- Relevant information used to make comparison.
- would look to the relationship between those data
and how computer manipulate the data.

Vocabulary

- its how the number can be given meaning, such as
define a number or set of numbers as the patient
acquisition number and associating it with a field
within the conceptual model

Interoperability

- term used to describe the transmission of
information and it must be consistent.

TRUE

" The source and the receiver of the information
must be compatible so that all the information
transmitted is correctly received"

Electronic Health
Records

EHR

Computerized Medical Records

CMR

Electeronic Clinical Information
System

ECIS

Computerized Patient Record

CPR

Readability
Efficiency
Productivity
Quality of care
Patient safety

EHR removed limitations:

Clinical Decision
Support System

is a software designed to help clinicians
make decisions by drawing from a large
database to generate patient assessment.

Patient List and
Registries

- Tracking patient information can be particularly
important for patient who have progressive
diseases such as heart disease, Cancer, and
diabetes.
- Tracking vital signs electronically gives providers
more accurate, consistent, comparative information.
- Electronic registries have been very effective in
tracking patient whos in need of organ donation,
leading to better matching and improving outcomes.

Electronic Calculation

- The calculation of potential risk, such as cardiovascular disease using
defined parameters such as cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes,
smoking and hypertension.
- Calculator also available for determining creatinine clearance for
kidney function before administering contrast media or medications
harmful to compromised kidneys.
- Patient risk can be determined by entering diagnosis patient age and
associated risk and choosing the large data base such as ERA (Elder
Risk Assessment. )

EHR

A disadvantage of an ___ is the
reduction of one-on-one interaction.