Respiratory Part 1, Phys Exam 3

What is eupnea?

relaxed quiet breathing

What is the apnea?

Stop breathing

What is dyspnea?

Labored breathing (SOBBING)

What is the hyperpnea?

Increase in HR and depth of breathing (exercises pain)

What is hyperventilation?

Increase in rate and depth of breathing (exercise, pain)

What is hypoventilation?

decrease in ventilation

What is Kussmaul respiration?

Deep, rapid breathing, ketoacidosis

What is Orthopnea?

Dynsea when lying down

What is Cheyne Stokes breathing?

Alternate apnea and hypernea

What is respiratory arrest?

Stop breathing (permanent)

What are 3 factors influencing?

Diameter of bronchioles

Pulmonary compliance

Surface tension

Bronchodilation agents (from the SNS) are:

Epinephrine/Norephinerine

Bronchoconstricttion agents (from the PSNS) are:

ACh, histamine, cold air, chemical air irritants

What is pulmonary compliance?

Ease in which the lungs expand (detensibility)

What are the 2 elastic forces in lungs?

Lung tissue

Surface tension

What diseases are associated with compliance?

Emphysema

Black Lung Disease (Fibrotic Lung Disease)

In emphysema, compliance is:

Increase

In fibrotic lung disease, compliance is:

Decreased

What occurs in emphysema?

Alveolar wall is destroyed, menaing that the size of the alveoli increases, and the number of alveoli decrease. from this, the surface area for gas exchange is decreased

What occurs in fibrotic lung disease?

Scar tissue and plaques (due to coal depostis), cause a decrease in elasticity (become hardened/stiff)

Why is surface tension important for the lungs?

Must be maintained at a specific point so distal bronchioles and alveoli do not collapse

The thin film of H2O required for gas exchange, it creates surface tension. If there is too much, what occurs?

The alveoli will collapse

What cells produce surfactant?

Great alveolar cells (Type II), produce surfactant (decrease surface tension)

What is surface tension?

Asymmetrical forces acting at an air/water interface to produce a net force acting to decrease surface area

the smaller the radius of alveoli, what happens?

Increase in pressure to prevent collapse

What is Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?

Difficulty breathing, will treat with surfactant as their lungs do not produce enough on their own. To prevent this, possible give thyroid hormone to mom to mature the babies lungs faster