functional groups test 1

Alkene

has a double bond between two carbons, name ends in ene

Alkyne

has a triple bond between two carbons, name ends in yne

Arene

aromatic ring, has no name ending

Halide

Carbon is bonded to F, CL, Br or I

Alcohol

Carbon is bonded to an OH group, ends in ol

Ether

there is an oxygen bonded to two carbons, name ends in ether

sulfide

sulfur bonded between two carbons, ends in sulfide

disulfide

c-s-s-c, ends in disulfide

methane

CH4

Ethane

C2H6

Propane

C3H8

Butane

C4H10

Pentane

C5H12

Hexane (5 isomers)

C6H14

Heptane (9 isomers)

C7H16

Octane (18 isomers)

C8H18

Nonane (35 isomers)

C9H20

Decane (75 isomers)

C10H22

Undecane

C11H24

Dodecane

C12H26

Tridecane

C13H28

Icosane

C20H42

Triacontane

C30H62

constitutional isomer

a compound that has the same molecular formula, but the atoms are connected differently

Alkyl group

what is left over when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane, replace the ane ending with the yl ending

functional group

a group of atoms within a molecule that have a characteristic chemical behavior

Organic acids

methanol (CH3OH), acetic acid (CH3CO2H) , acetone (CH3COCH3)

Carboxylic acids

contain the -CO2H grouping

organic bases

characterized by the presence of an atom with a lone pair of electrons that can bond to H+

Lewis acid

a substance that accepts an electron pair

Lewis base

a substance that donates and electron pair

Bronsted-Lowry acid

a substance that donates H+

Bronsted-Lowry base

substance that accepts H+

pKA and acid relationship

the higher the pKa value, the more basic a substance is

predicting Acid-base reaction

H+ will always go from the stronger acid to the stronger base

resonance structures

bonds can change but location of molecules will not