PROFICIENCY

the humerus is in a true AP position when the epicondyles are placed _____ to the plane of the IR

parallel

for AP projections of the shoulder, the CR is directed to a point 1 inch inferior to the ______

coracoid process

which of the following projections/positions may be used when the patient is unable to move the affected arm due to trauma for scapula/shoulder

transthoracic lateral projection and scapular Y-view

the humerus is in a lateral position when the epicondyles are placed ____ to the plane of the IR

perpendicular

when performing an AP projection of the shoulder, how may the 10×12 cassette be placed

lengthwise or crosswise

which of the following positions demonstrates a profile view of the glenoid cavity without superimposition of the humeral head

AP oblique projection (Grashey)

for the superoinferior axial projection, which anatomical structure should be superimposed over the humeral head

acromion

the scapular Y-view gets in name from the appearance of which of the following structures

acromion, coracoid process and body of scapula

the patient is supine, the arm is abducted and the CR is directed through the axilla. the projection described is the

inferiosuperior axillary projection of the shoulder

for the transthoracic lateral position of the shoulder, which arm is raised

the unaffected arm

internally rotating the arm places the proximal humerus in the _____ position

lateral

in order to visualize the glenoid fossa in profile, the patient is rotated to form an angle of ____ to the plane of the IR

35-45 degrees

how should the CR be directed for a PA oblique projection of the shoulder

perpendicularly to the IR

you are performing a scapular Y-view, if the humeral head is located under the acromion process, this would indicate….

posterior dislocation

you are performing a scapular y-view projection of the right shoulder. the non-ambulatory patient is supine on the table. which position should the pt be placed in to achieve this view?

LPO

which of the following statements are true in regards to positioning for a superionferior axial projection of the shoulder joint

elbow is flexed 90 degreed, affected arm is abducted and head is tilted away from the affected shoulder

which of the following criteria are required for visualization of the greater tubercle in profile

epicondyles parallel to the IR, arm in external rotation and humerus in AP position

for the transthoracic lateral projection, the IR is centered to the

surgical neck

when examining the image of the AP projection of the humerus, what determines the accuracy of the position

the placement of the epicondyles

which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP external rotation shoulder projection

the greater tubercle is seen in profile

which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP internal rotation shoulder projection

the lesser tubercle is seen in profile

which projection of the upper limb should be performed to demonstrate a fracture of the proximal humerus when that arm cannot be moved

transthoracic lateral projection of the humerus

when performing the transthoracic lateral projection of the humerus, which breathing technique should be used to best improve the image quality

shallow breathing

in which body position should the patient be placed to demonstrate the left shoulder with the PA oblique projection (Y-view)

LAO

the AP projection of the shoulder in internal rotation will demonstrate the ____ on the ______ aspect of the humerus

lesser tubercle, medial

the humerus is in a neutral position when the epicondyles are placed _____ to the plane of the IR

at a 45 degree angle

what is the correct way to adjust the CR if the patient is in too much pain to drop the injured shoulder sufficiently and elevate the uninjured arm for the transthoracic lateral projection

CR is directed 10-15 degrees cephalic

if a patient has a shoulder injury and is wearing a shirt and jacket, the tech should

remove the clothing from the unaffected side first

which of the following positions or projections would best demonstrate the right glenoid fossa

45 degree RPO position

which of the following are used to elevate the glenohumeral joint

scapular Y projection and inferiosuperior axillary

which of the following are true regarding the scapular Y projection of the shoulder

PA/AP oblique projection, demonstrates the anterior or posterior dislocations

in order to demonstrate a profile view of the glenoid fossa, when the patient is AP recumbent and obliqued 45 degrees

towards the affected side

which of the following projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcorocoid dislocation

PA oblique scapular Y

which of the following positions would be the best choice for a shoulder exam to rule out a dislocation

AP and scapular Y-view

a radiographic image of the shoulder is obtained in the inferosuperior axial projection. This projection requires that the humerus be

abducted 90 degrees and laterally rotated

what tubercle is demonstrated in profile with internal rotation

lesser tubercle

what tubercle is demonstrated in profile with external rotation

greater tubercle

what tubercle is demonstrated in profile with neutral position

none

what tubercle is demonstrated in profile with axillary view

lesser tubercle

what tubercle is demonstrated in profile with grashey

lesser tubercle

movement of bending your arm

flexion

movement of straightening or of stretching out

extension

movement of turning the body or hand so that the front of the body faces upward

supination

the movement of turning a part in one axis

rotation

movement away from the midline of the body

abduction

movement in a circular motion about a cone-shaped axis

circumduction

movement towards or across the midline of the body

adduction

the movement of turning the body or hand to face downwards

pronation

immovable

synarthrodial

freely moveable

diarthrodial

limited or slight movement

amphiarthrodial

fibrous

synarthroidal

synovial

diarthrodial

cartilagenous

amphiarthrodial

alternate names for spheroid

ball and socket

alternate names for ellipsoid

condyloid

alternate name for sellar

saddle

alternate name for trochoid

pivot

alternate name forginglymus

hinge

alternate name for plane

gliding

types of synarthrosis joints

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

types of amphiarthrosis joints

symphysis, synchondrosis

type of diarthrosis joints

gliding, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket

what is the classification of facial bones, or teeth

synarthrosis

what is the classification of the pubic symphysis

amphiarthrosis

example of gliding joint

intercarpal, intertarsals

example of a hinge joint

elbow and knee

example of pivot joints

forearm joints

examples of condylar joints

wrist and knuckle joints

example of saddle joints

thumb

example of ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder

the 2 large muscles that are found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra and are usually visible on an AP abdomen radiograph is called

psoas muscles

the medical combining form for stomach is

gastro

part of the small bowel, listen proximal to distal

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

which part of the small bowel is the longest

ileum

the large intestine begins in the _____ quadrant

RLQ

organs located behind the serous membrane lining of the abdomen are referred to as

retroperitoneal

which of the following structures is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach

greater omentum

the majority of the stomach is located in the

LUQ

which structure is located intraperitoneal

liver

true or false: the spleen is considered an accessory organ of the digestive system

false

what anatomical part is the most proximal part of the GI tract

fundus

a person with appendicitis would present pain in the….

RLQ

true or false: the small bowel is where most absorption of water takes place

false

the _____ produced biles and the _____ stores and releases it after eating a fatty meal

liver, gallbladder

twisting of the colon upon itself

volvulus

pre-cancerous inpouchings of the colon

polyps

routine chest radiographs should NOT be taken on expiration because the

lungs will not be completely aerated which can mimic certain pathologies

which hemidiaphragm is usually located more superior

right

the lower, outer margin of the lung, located at the junction of the ribs and diaphragm is called what

costophrenic angle

in which direction does the diaphragm move on inspiration

down

which of the following is the preferred SID for radiography of the heart and lungs

72 inches

why are chest radiographs taken PA rather than AP

to minimize the heart magnification

which of the following positions could be used to demonstrate air-fluid levels in the chest

lateral and dorsal decubitus chest

what is the purpose of “double breathing” a patient when performing a chest x-ray

it allows for greater inspiration

a lateral CXR demonstrates the rotation with the rotated ribs being magnified. how would you correct the image

rotate patient to the left

how many pairs of ribs should be visualized above the diaphragm on a PA chest image on deep inspiration

10

under which set of conditions should a chest x-ray be taken supine instead of erect

pt is unconscious, pt cannot sit up

what are the basic projections or positions for a radiographic exam of the chest

PA and left lateral

why are the shoulders rotated forward when radiographing the chest in the PA projection

to remove the scapula from the lung field, to place the chest closer to the IR