Chapter 9: cellular respiration

The general formula for cellular respiration

Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 30 ATP

NADH

Reduced form; gives electrons to the ETC

NAD+

Oxidized form; Gains two electrons from matabolism

Glycolysis

The break down of glucose → 2 pyruvate; happens in cytoplasm; + 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Pyruvate oxidation

2 Pyruvate is turned into 2 Acetyl-CoA and 2 CO2; happens in the mitochondria matrix; + 2 NADH

Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle

Completes the break-down of glucose into 4 CO2; Happens in the matrix; +2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2

Electron Transport chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis

The electrons from the 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 are power a proton pump that moves protons into the intermembrane space. The proton gradient is then used to power ATP synthase. The electrons are then bonded to H2O

Hexokinase

An enzyme; means 6 phosphorization; turns glucose into glucose 6 phosphate

phosphofructose kinase

an enzyme; phosphorilzes fructose into fructose 1,6 - diphosphate

Pay off phase

Second phase of glycolysis; The fructose 1,6 - diphosphate is then turned into Pyruvate; generates 2 NADH and 4 ATP

Energy investment

First phase of glycolysis; Energy is used to turn glucose → fructose 1,6 - diphosphate → G3P; Takes 2 ATP

How other organic molecules fit in

DNA → citric acid cycle; Protein → pyruvate; lipids → acetyl-CoA + NADH