Art History Unit 1 ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE

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22 Terms

1
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Temples

embodied art, worship, and politics, takes on role of monument, remind public service they owe to city-state

2
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Temple lay out

peristyle (stones/columns) surrounding the cella (central hall area)

<p>peristyle (stones/columns) surrounding the cella (central hall area)</p>
3
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Column layout

shaft, with fluting and capital at the top

<p>shaft, with fluting and capital at the top</p>
4
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3 main column orders

doric (straight capital), ionic (curved capital, narrow, elegant) corinthian (fancy elaborate capital, latest capital)

<p>doric (straight capital), ionic (curved capital, narrow, elegant) corinthian (fancy elaborate capital, latest capital)</p>
5
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Entablature

above the columns, includes architrave, frieze (metope, triglyph) cornice, raking cornice (directs rain off roof)

<p>above the columns, includes architrave, frieze (metope, triglyph) cornice, raking cornice (directs rain off roof)</p>
6
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pediment

triangular shape above entablature

<p>triangular shape above entablature</p>
7
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Temple of Apollo

large number of steps on each side, oracle stationed with shrine, in delphi, held all sorts of contests

<p>large number of steps on each side, oracle stationed with shrine, in delphi, held all sorts of contests</p>
8
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Temple of Zeus

Made out of porous stone

Coated with stucco

Statue of Zeus was 40 ft tall

Pediments

<p>Made out of porous stone</p><p>Coated with stucco</p><p>Statue of Zeus was 40 ft tall</p><p>Pediments</p>
9
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Epidaurus

Outdoor, big seating area

Sounds traveled well in bowl shape Best greek theater

<p>Outdoor, big seating area</p><p>Sounds traveled well in bowl shape Best greek theater</p>
10
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Panathenaic Stadium

Made entirely of marble, Long, narrow, horseshoe shape. Relatively flat terrain. Rebuilt in modern times

<p>Made entirely of marble, Long, narrow, horseshoe shape. Relatively flat terrain. Rebuilt in modern times</p>
11
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The Acropolis at Athens

pericles pet PR project, "high-city" settlement on hill top includes Temple of Athena Nike, Propylaea (gateway), Parthenon, and Erechteion

<p>pericles pet PR project, "high-city" settlement on hill top includes Temple of Athena Nike, Propylaea (gateway), Parthenon, and Erechteion</p>
12
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The Parthenon c. 440 BCE architects and sculpture

architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Sculptor: Phineas

13
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The Parthenon c. 440 BCE

temple to athena, part of quest to build perfectly proportioned temple, used golden ratio

<p>temple to athena, part of quest to build perfectly proportioned temple, used golden ratio</p>
14
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The Parthenon c. 440 BCE columns

doric order, discs stacked on top of each other, used entasis: slight swelling in the center of the columns to make them appear more straight from a distance, reinforce against earthquakes. used math formula (2x+1) short side 8 columns, longside 2(8) + 1 = 17 columns

15
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Marble Metope from Parthenon c. 447-438 BCE

172 cm tall, High relief (more than half of the natural circumference protrudes from the background), depicts Lapis battle with Centaur

<p>172 cm tall, High relief (more than half of the natural circumference protrudes from the background), depicts Lapis battle with Centaur</p>
16
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Horsemen from the west frieze of the Parthenon c. 438-432 BCE

100 cm tall

Low relief (less than half of natural circumference protruding, flatter)

<p>100 cm tall</p><p>Low relief (less than half of natural circumference protruding, flatter)</p>
17
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Figures of three goddesses from the east pediment of the Parthenon c. 438-432 BCE

Pedimental sculpture, carved in the round covered in wet drapery

<p>Pedimental sculpture, carved in the round covered in wet drapery</p>
18
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The Erechteion c. 421 BCE

shrine to many gods (Hephaestus, Poseidon, etc)

<p>shrine to many gods (Hephaestus, Poseidon, etc)</p>
19
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Porch of the Maidens

at Erechteion, Caryatids: sculpted female figure that held up an entablature, Wearing Peplos, bunches up at waist, folds of drapery resemble fluting

<p>at Erechteion, Caryatids: sculpted female figure that held up an entablature, Wearing Peplos, bunches up at waist, folds of drapery resemble fluting</p>
20
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Temple of Athena Nike c. 410 BCE

ionic order, first fully ionic at Acropolis, columns on front and back, none on side. nike adjusting her sandal inside, commoners perform rituals at fron tof temple and glimpse nike, after temple create parapet to prevent falls

<p>ionic order, first fully ionic at Acropolis, columns on front and back, none on side. nike adjusting her sandal inside, commoners perform rituals at fron tof temple and glimpse nike, after temple create parapet to prevent falls</p>
21
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Propylaea

gate way into the acropolis and parthenon and Erechteion (athena nike temple just outside the gate)

<p>gate way into the acropolis and parthenon and Erechteion (athena nike temple just outside the gate)</p>
22
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Pergamon Altar (Altar of Zeus) c. 130 BCE

stood at acropolis of Pergamon (copied athens), u-shaped, access by grand staircase. lower half has a fireze that is sculpted in high relief, depicts battle and misery. most famous panel depicts athena fighting giants, kills one, crowned victor by weeping Gaia

<p>stood at acropolis of Pergamon (copied athens), u-shaped, access by grand staircase. lower half has a fireze that is sculpted in high relief, depicts battle and misery. most famous panel depicts athena fighting giants, kills one, crowned victor by weeping Gaia</p>