Bio Unit 1

Living Things are made of cells

Characteristic of life

Living things reproduce

Characteristic of life

Living things have DNA

Characteristic of life

Living things grow and develop

Characteristic of life

Living things obtain and use both materials and energy

Characteristic of life

Living things respond to thier environment

Characteristic of life

Atom

Has no charge (even number of protons + electrons)

Ion

Has a charge (diffrent number of proton + electrons)

Hydrogen atom =

Proton

What part of the atom energizes membrane protiens so they can pump materials

Flowing electrons

What forms biological gradients in the chloroplast + mitochondria

concentration of protons

monomer + polymer sentence

A single polymer is made up of repeating monomers

What is the monomer for all polysaccharides

(carbohydrates) glucose molecule

What is the monomer for all polypeptides

(proteins) amino acid

What is the monomer for all polynucleotides

(nucleic acids) nucleotide

Carbohydrate

Contains C,H,O + Ratio= 1C:2H:1O

Hexose (6C) - Glucose

designed to be fuel for cells (energy)

Pentose (5C) - Ribose and Deoxyribose

designed to be part of DNA (deoxyribose) and RNA (ribose)

Cellulose

used to build cell wall (in plants)

Starch

used to store excess glucose molecules for energy (in plants)

Glycogen

used to store excess glucose molecules for energy (in animals)

Pentose Sugar

sugar molecule containing 5 atoms of carbon

Hexose Sugar

sugar molecule containing 6 atoms of carbon

What molecule is used to make the cell membrane

phospholipids

What molecule is used to make the cell wall

cellulose

Which macromolecule does not dissolve in water

LIPIDS FATTY

What determines the function of protiens

the shape - protiens wont work if they arent the right shape

DNA

has deoxyribose, bases A,T,G,C, 2- chain antiparallel molecule

RNA

has ribose, bases A,U,G,C, 1- chain molecule

Carbohydrate elements

C,H,O - 1C:2H:1O ratio

Lipid elements

C,H,O NOT 1:2:1 ratio - few oxygen atoms, mainly C + H

Protein elements

C,H,O,N,S

Nucleic Acid Elements

C,H,O,N,P

What makes water polar

unequal sharing of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, keeping electrons negative - hydrogen side= posotive

Why proteins are important to living things

make up structure, carries oxygen into your blood cells, antibodies= proteins, enzymes = proteins

What happens to water when polymers are made/ broken apart

Molecule of water is lost everytime a monomer is added to a polymer. Water needs to be added back when polymer is breaking down

Triglyceride

Three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule. Used as energy source

Phospholipid

Two fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule. Negatively charged phosphate group. Used to make cell membrane.

Iodine 131 has a half life of 8 days. If an origninal sample had 40 atoms, how many atoms will be there after 3 half-lives?

5 atoms left after 3 half-lives (24 days)