Untitled Flashcards Set

Why might the title 'The Era of Good Feelings' be considered appropriate for James Monroe’s presidency?

Federalists faded away, and DR party adopted some of their policies.

What were the main accomplishments of James Monroe during his presidency?

Acquisition of Florida, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine.

What is one word that describes James Monroe’s victories in the Presidential Elections of 1816 and 1820?

Landslide.

What does the phrase 'cultural nationalism' refer to?

Unity based on shared nationalism, exemplified by heroes enshrined in art and Noah Webster’s speller.

What were the two main components of the political movement supporting economic growth during Monroe’s era?

Subsidizing internal improvements and protecting U.S. industries.

What was the significance of the Tariff of 1816?

First protective tariff in U.S. history designed to protect U.S. manufacturers.

What did Henry Clay’s American System consist of?

Protective tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements.

What were some consequences of the Panic of 1819?

State banks closed, increased unemployment, bankruptcies, and foreclosures.

What led to the decline of the Federalist Party?

Inability to adapt to the changing needs of the nation.

How did the Democratic-Republican Party evolve during Monroe’s presidency?

Adopted some Federalist ideas like a large military and a national bank.

What did Supreme Court Justice John Marshall’s decisions typically support?

The central government and property rights over states' rights.

Can you name a landmark decision made by John Marshall?

Fletcher vs. Peck, which declared state law unconstitutional.

What were four reasons for westward movement in the early 19th century?

Acquisition of Indian lands, economic pressure, improved transport, and immigrants.

What critical issue divided western settlers?

The issue of slavery.

Why did the Missouri statehood bid alarm the North?

It could tip the political balance in favor of the South.

What was the Tallmadge amendment, and why did it enrage southerners?

It aimed to gradually abolish slavery in Missouri, seen as a Northern attack on slavery.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state while prohibiting slavery north of 36°30′.

What two international agreements were made in response to post-War of 1812 relations?

Rush-Bagot Agreement (diminished military presence on U.S.-Canada border) and Treaty of 1818 (shared fishing rights and joint Oregon territory occupation).

What opportunity did Monroe and Jackson have for military action in Florida?

Raids by Seminoles and Caucasian outlaws into U.S. territory.

What was the outcome of the Florida Purchase Treaty?

U.S. acquired Florida, while Spain received $5 million and gave up claims to Texas.

What alarmed the United States after Napoleon's fall in Europe?

A backlash against republican movements and Russia's presence in Alaska.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A policy stating the Americas were not open to European colonization and intervention.

How did the Monroe Doctrine impact U.S. foreign policy?

It established a clear stance against European interference in the Americas.

What was the trend of U.S. population during the early 19th Century?

Doubled between 1800-1825 and again doubled by the mid-19th century.

What emerged as crucial for an industrial economy?

An efficient transportation network.

Which four types of transportation dominated during the industrial growth?

Roads, canals, steamboats, railroads.

How did mechanical inventions influence industrial growth?

Encouraged investment and the development of practical technologies like the cotton gin.

What obstacles did labor unions face in the 19th Century?

Immigrant replacements, state laws against unions, and economic depressions.

What two factors contributed to the shift from subsistence farming to cash crops?

Cheap land and easy credit.

What was the primary cash crop in the South during the 19th Century?

Cotton.

How did the cotton gin impact slavery in the South?

It led to increased investment in slaves and expanded cotton production.

What change occurred in American society due to industrialization?

Shift away from self-sufficient households towards specialization and modern capitalism.

How did women's roles change with industrialization?

Gained more autonomy, but faced legal restrictions and limited occupations.

What was happening to the wealth gap in early 19th Century America?

It was increasing.

Why did slavery not disappear as some had expected?

The rapid growth of the cotton industry led to the expansion of slavery.

Marbury v. Madison

Marbury entitled to commissionbut the Supreme Court ruled that it could not issue writ of madanus, establishing judicial review- if law is unconstitutional it is null and void. Judicial act of 1789 was deemed unconstitutional.

McCulloch v. Maryland

This 1819 Supreme Court case, ruled that states could not tax a federal institution, the Bank of the United States. The court ruled that, even though no clause in the Constitution specifically mentions a national bank, the Constitution gives the federal government the implied power to create one. (p. 154)

Cohens v. Virginia

Answered question of whether Court could review decisions of highest state courts. Subordination of state governments to Constitution, jurisdiction on all cases arising under Consitution in the judicial branch. This case reinforced the principle of federal supremacy and its right to hear case, state is not a party.

Gibbons v. Ogden

This 1821 Supreme Court case ruled that New York state could not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company. This case established the federal government's control of interstate commerce. (p. 154)