BioMed 3 MI Test

What is a medical intervention?

Any measure whose purpose is to improve health
or alter the course of disease. Help maintain
health and homeostasis in the body

• Outbreak

a sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

Pathogens

a specific causative agent of disease.

Primer

complimentary DNA segment that allows the enzyme to bind to DNA for DNA Replication.

Bioinformatics

The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of
biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics

Genome

an organism’s genetic material.

Solute

substance dissolved in another substance

Solvent

a substance, usually a liquid, in
which another substance is dissolved.

Solution

homohgeneous mixture of 2 more or substances

Concentration

the amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance.

What happens in 1985?

Robert Sinsheimer holds first meetings to propose sequencing the human genome with department of Energy, (NIH), and (MRC).

1988

• Human Genome Organization (HUGO),
an international organization of
scientists involved in human genetics,
is founded.

1989

• A working group(ELSI) is established to develop a
plan for the ethical, legal, and social
parts of the human genome project.
and holds its first meeting in September of 1989.

1990

Human genome project is launched in the USA,
directed by James Watson (James Watson from
Watson and Crick). Initial target completion set is
set to 2005.

1992

John Sulston submits a grant application to
Welcome Trust and Medical Research
Council (MRC) proposing that they fund the
completion of his nematode worm
sequencing project, and begin the UK’s
contribution to the Human Genome Project.

1993

Francis Collins replaces James Watson as the director of the Human Genome Project.

1994

Scientists meeting their first mapping goal,
a comprehensive human genetic linkage
map, of the Human Genome Project, one
year ahead of schedule. Genetic linkage
maps show the relative order or and
approximate spacing between specific DNA
patterns, called marked positions on
chromosomes.

1995

The project meets its goal of completing a physical map that contains actual, physical locations of identifiable landmarks on chromosomes. This map will serve as the backbone for assembling the full genome project.

1996

Representatives from sequencing centres around the world meet in Bermuda to draft a set of principles for free and rapid access to Human Genome Project data. These become known as the “Bermuda Principles.”

1998

Science published the new NIH-DOE five-
year plan for the human genome project.
Because of all the major goals of the
previous five-year plan have been met, the
new five-year plan predicts completion of
human genome sequencing in 2003- two
years ahead of schedule.

1999

International Human Genome Project
successfully completes the pilot phase of
sequencing human genome project and the
launch of the full-scale effort to sequence
all 3 billions letters that make up the
complete genetic blueprint for a human.

2000

The University of California, Santa Cruz
launches its Human Genome Browser.

2001

The International Human Genome
Sequencing Consortium publishes a draft
sequence in the journal Nature. The
number of genes is reported at 20,000.

2003

• “Gold Standard” reference human genome
sequence is officially completed to 99.99
percent accuracy

2004

On October 20, 2004, the International
Human Genome Sequencing Consortium
publishes its scientific description of the
finished human genome sequence.