Concepts of Botany + Plant Diversity

What 4 major types of plants are there?

1. Bryophytes

2. Pteridophytes

3. Gymnosperms

4. Angiosperms

Polynomial

Original naming system with longer classification names

Binomial

Shorter and much simpler than polynomials, 2-word names

Hierarchal System

• Category / Rank

• Taxon

What are the main taxon levels? Most broad to most specific

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Mitosis

• Asexual reproduction

• Standard cell division

• Makes diploid cells (2n)

Meiosis

• Sexual reproduction

• Sex cell division

• Makes haploid cells (n)

Haploid

• n

• 1 set of chromosomes in gamete/sex cells

Diploid

• 2n

• 2 sets of chromosomes in normal cells

Fertilization

fusion of gametes to make zygotes

Gametes

sex cells

Zygote

egg/diploid cell formed by a sperm cell fusing with an egg cell

Unicellular

a one cell organism

Multicellular

a multiple celled organism

What are the 3 types of Meiosis?

1. Zygotic Meiosis

2. Gametic Meiosis

3. Sporic Meiosis

Zygotic Meiosis

• Fungi

• Algae (some)

• Haploid to haploid daughter cells

Gametic Meiosis

• Animals

• Some…

  • Prostista

  • Algae

  • Meiosis

• Haploid to diploid

Sporic Meiosis

• Plant

• Algae (many)

• Alternation of generations

• Haploid to diploid

• Spores spread

  • Can divide

  • Only product of meiosis, not gametes