Eukaryotes

What Kingdoms are in Eukaryotes

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

How do you identify Eukaryotes

Theyt have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles

What year did earth form

4.5 billion years ago

When did life first appear on earth

3.7 billion years ago 

Did Eukaryotes or prokaryotes appear first

Prokaryotes

When did Eukaryotes first appear on earth

2.7 billion years ago

Does the fossil record tell us much about how Eukaryotes first arose

no

How did Eukaryotes arise 

Early archeans gradually became more complex over time unitl they became eukaryotes 

What are the steps of Archeans becoming Eukaryotes

1. Cell wall disappeared

2. Cell membrane becomes flexible

3. Cell membrane folds, increasing surface area

4. Cell membrane pinches off on itself, creating organelles

What advantage did the cell wall disappearing bring

faster absorption of nutrients

What is the cell membrane an important site for

chemical reactions

What does the folding of the cell membrane do 

increases suface area, which increases the rate of chemical reactions 

What benefits does creating organelles have

Divides cell into compartments wiht different chemical conditions so chemical reactions can occur simultaneously with their ideal chemical conditions

What is symbiosis

prolonged relationship between two species

What is the mitochondria

organelle, site of cellular respiration

What is chloroplast

organelle, site of part of photosynthesis 

How did Eukaryotes turn an organelle into a mitochondria

1. A primitive eukaryote engulfed a bacteria but did not digest it

2. Bacteria began reproducing inside Eukaryote

3. Many mutations and millions of years improved their cooperation

4. Eukaryotes cannot live without bacteria

5. Bacteria became mitochondria

How did Eukaryotes turn an organelle into a chloroplast

1. A primitive Eukaryote englufed a photosynthesising bacteria but did not difest it 

2. Bacteria bagan reproducing inside Eukaryote 

3. Many mutations and millions of years improved their cooperation

4. Eukaryotes cannot live without bacteria

5. Bacteria became chloroplast

What was the evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria necessary for 

The evolution of larger multicellular organisms 

How do we know that Chloroplast and mitochondria were made from bacteria

• Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own cell membranes

• They have their own bacterial DNA in a ring shape

• They have their own bacterial shaped ribosomes

• They bothe reproduce indepenently in the cell