1798 Rebellion

Nationalism

Sought to gain independence from Britain

Unionism

Wanted to maintain British rule in Ireland

Parlimentary tradition

Used peaceful means such as passing laws and peaceful persuasion to achieve its aim of an independent Ireland.

Leaders parliamentary

Henry Grattan, Daniel O'Connell, Isaac Butt

Physical force

Using violence and armed rebellion to achieve independence

Leaders physical force

Wolfe Tone, Robert Emmet, James Stephens

The Protestant Ascendancy

.The Irish parliament was controlled by the Protestant Ascendancy. Even though they only made up 15 per cent of the population they owned most of the land in Ireland.

The influence of the American revolution

The Americans won their independence from Britain which was an example for many in Ireland who wanted the Irish Parliament to have more power.

The United Irishmen

The society of the United Irishmen wanted to reduce English power in Ireland. To do that they sought so that more people could vote to elect their representatives.

Wolfe Tone

Leader of United Irishmen who wrote a pamphlet 'An argument on behalf of the catholics of Ireland'

Where did the rising of 1789 break out?

Broke out in four main areas (1. Dublin Kildare and meath)(2. Wexford)(3. Ulster in Antrim and down)(4.mayo and Longford)

Dublin Kildare and meath

A rising was signalled by attacks on the mail coaches

Wexford

The most serious rising. The rebel forces burned shot or piked over 100 Protestants in Scullabogue and killed nearly 100 in Wexford. There was a major battle at Vinegar hill and after the leaders were executed.

Ulster - Antrim and down

The leaders Henry joy McCraken and Henry Munro were each defeated and executed

Mayo

French troops led by general Humbert landed in Killala. They defeated the British at the races of castle bar but were later defeated in Longford.

Impact of the rising

Many people were killed in the 1798 rebellion, numbers range from 10,000 to 30,000. There was also widespread destruction in towns such as New Ross. The Act of union was passed which ended parliament in Dublin. Ireland was now ruled directly from London. For Catholics that the state would of provoked impose a bloody terror on the countryside. For Protestants it became easy to claim catholics couldn't be trusted. Both sides now believed the worst of each others. The United Irishmen movement influenced later generations and put forward the concept of a republic.

Discrimination

Unjust treatment of different people usually based on race religion or sex

Fenians

Irish political group formed in mid-19th century that believed in the use of physical force to achieve Irish independence, also known as IRB