federalism

flash cards for the ch federalism class 10th till pg no 15

What is Federalism?

Federalism is a system of government in which powers are divided between a central authority and various constituent units (states) of the country.

What are the objectives of Federalism?

To safeguard and promote the unity of the country and to accommodate regional diversity.

What are the key features of Federalism?

1. Two or More Levels of Government 2. Same Citizens, Different Levels of Government 3. Constitutional Division of Powers 4. Supremacy of the Constitution 5. Independent Judiciary 6. Separate Sources of Revenue 7. Fundamental Provisions Cannot Be Changed Unilaterally.

What is the difference between Coming Together Federation and Holding Together Federation?

Coming Together Federation involves independent states coming together voluntarily to form a larger nation with generally equal powers (e.g., USA, Switzerland, Australia). Holding Together Federation involves a large country dividing powers between the central and state governments, often with unequal powers among states (e.g., India, Belgium, Spain).

How is Federalism practised in India?

Federalism in India is practised through a distribution of legislative powers across three lists: Union List (97 subjects of national importance), State List (66 subjects of state importance), and Concurrent List (47 subjects of common interest). In case of conflict between Union and State laws on Concurrent subjects, Union law prevails.

What are residuary subjects in the context of Federalism?

Residuary subjects are those that are not mentioned in any of the three lists. In India, residuary powers belong to the Union Government.

What is the significance of an Independent Judiciary in Federalism?

The judiciary settles disputes between different levels of government, protects the Constitution, and ensures that powers are exercised according to constitutional provisions.

What is the important rule regarding conflict in the Concurrent List?

If there is a conflict between Union and State laws on a Concurrent List subject, the Union law prevails.

What does the term 'Supremacy of the Constitution' mean in Federalism?

It means that the Constitution is the supreme law of the country, and all governments must function according to it.