EAPP: Second Quarter

Formalist Criticism

“Unique form of human knowledge that needs to examined on its own terms.”

Formalist Criticism

Primarily looks at the structural process of the text, without thinking of any outside influence.

Formalist Criticism

Shows how various elements of the text are welded together.

Formalist Criticism

An approach that is contained in the text.

Biographical/Historical Criticism

“Literature is written by actual people, understanding author’s life can help thoroughly comprehension.”

Biographical/Historical Criticism

It is done by probing the social, cultural, political, and intellectual context that produced it.

Biographical/Historical Criticism

It considers a work’s first context: author’s life.

Biographical/Historical Criticism

Believes that the meaning of the text can change when viewed through author’s life.

Gender Criticism

“Sexual identity influences the creation of the text.”

Gender Criticism

An extension of feminist criticism.

Gender Criticism

Focuses on construction of gender and sexuality (especially queer issues).

Masculinist Approach (Robert Bly)

Believes that men’s issues and yield to the conviction that feminism does not fit with facts.

Feminist Approach

Attempts to correct the imbalance of sexes by combating patriarchal attitudes.

Psychological Criticism

Form of material that is influenced by Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud, expressed that psychoanalytic theories changed our notions on human behavior.

Psychological Criticism

Authors explore new/controversial topic like wish fulfillment, sexuality, unconscious, and repression.

Psychological Criticism

Expands our understanding of how language/symbols operate, reflect unconscious fears or desires.

Sociological Criticism

Explores the linkage between author and society.

Sociological Criticism

Scrutinizes the author’s society for better understanding of the text.

Marxist Criticism

Highlights on the economic and political elements of art; all art is political (challenging/endorsing the status quo).

Moral/Philosophical Approach

Themes, views, morality, and philosophies of the author.

Moral/Philosophical Approach

Teaching morality and investigating philosophical issues.

Mythological Criticism

“Recurrent universal patterns underlying most literary works.”

Mythological Criticism

Tracing how individual imagination uses myths and symbols common to different cultures and epochs.

Mythological Criticism

Symbol, character, situation, or image that evokes a deep universal response.

Read, Determine Purpose, Analyze, Decide Approach, Introduction-Body-Conclusion

Steps in Writing a Critique Paper

Read to Understand

Re-read if necessary to have better understanding.

Determine Purpose

Looking for the Thesis Statements or Themes of the piece can help identify the motivation.

Analyze Each Segment

When needed, you may write a summary in each segment.

Decide the Approach

After reading, focus on the specific elements or features that you want to discuss.

Introduction

Includes the author’s name, title, source, thesis statement.

Body

Discusses the strong and weak points of the material.

Conclusion

Generic opinion of the text.

Concept Paper

Summary of a project/issue that depicts the interests, experiences, expertise of the writer.

Concept Paper

In-depth analysis and discussion of a topic that writer has strong position on.

Concept Paper

May also be used as an instructional tool.

Concept Paper

Can be the result of an intensive study, committee input, or existing project.

Concept Paper

Tackle best practices, philosophies, theories, and other related issues that the author thinks need action.

No Fixed Format or Style

Format/Style of a Concept Paper

How Writer defined a Subject Matter

What is the significant part of writing a Concept Paper?

Defining Scopes & Limits

How to make the ideas/concepts of a Concept Paper clear?

Concept Paper

Prelude of a full paper like thesis, program, project, etc.

Definition, Description, Classification, Compare & Contrast, Enumerating

6 Ways of writing a Concept Paper

Definition

Concretizes the concept.

Classification

Utilized if the concept is broad.

Compare & Contrast

Done if you want to clarify a concept.

Enumerating

Done to connect your concept to the reader.

Definition

Explains the meaning of new words or phrases.

Classification

Divides a topic into parts based on shared characteristics.

Description (Process)

Order in which things are done or how things work.

Description (Order of Importance)

Describe ideas in order of priority/preference.C

Compare & Contrast

Discusses similarities/differences among ideas.

Listing/Enumeration

Organizes lists of information: characteristics, features, parts, or categories.

Rationale

Explains the purposes why you need to undertake that thesis proposal.

Rationale

Here, elaborate the reasons that prompt you to prepare the concept paper.

Conceptual Framework

Guide in working on your idea.

Conceptual Framework

Serve as the map in arriving at your destination.

Mind Map

Lists of words associated with your idea that you can connect in order to make a clear definition/discussion.

Mind Map

Means of analyzing them associating a thing to another thing or an idea to another.

Hypothesis

Expected output in the course of conducting your study, derived from the conceptual framework.

Hypothesis

How variables are related and how does each relate with the other.

Review of Relevant Literature

Help you distinguish which variables really matter in your study.

Position Paper

Author presents, defends, supports their position on a debatable issue with evidence.

Position Paper

Learners have the opportunity to write their opinion regarding the issue (academic/professional setting).

Position Paper

Essay that expands a standpoint of an author about an issue.

Position Paper

The main objective of this paper is to persuade the readers with valid and defensible opinions.

Position Paper

Range from simplest format (letter) to the most complex (academic paper).

Position Paper

Used by organization to make public the official beliefs/recommendations of the group.

Position Paper

It is like a participating in a debate, hence, it is necessary to use evidence to validate your contentions and refute the counterclaim to show that you are well-versed about both side.

Position Paper

It is the writer’s responsibility to take 1 side and convince others.

Argument

Used to convince readers through logic and sound reasoning over a problem or issue.

Argument

In a position paper, writer use dramatic language to emotionally appeal to the readers.

Argument

Making their readers also stand with them in terms of the writer’s beliefs, values, convictions.

Argument

Writer should always make it a point that readers agree with their stand and commit to a course of action.

Argument

Weigh the advantages/disadvantages before making a decision.

Factual Knowledge

Information that is valid and justifiable; verifiable and agreeable by almost everyone.

Statistical Inferences

Conclusion derived from gathering data; interpretation/examples of an accumulation of facts.

Informed Opinion

Based on knowledge of facts that are carefully considered, drawn evidences not personal experiences.

Personal Testimony

Firsthand experience of the writer; related by a knowledgeable party.

Introduction, Background, Thesis Statement

Part of Introduction (Position Paper)

Counterclaim (Summary, Supporting Information, Refute, Evidence), Argument (Assertion of Claim: Opinion and Support)

Part of Body (Position Paper)

Restating of Argument, Providing a Plan

Part of Conclusion(Position Paper)

Survey

Ask individual/group about their views, perspective, references on a situation/issue/matter.

Survey

Used to gather data from a huge number of participants or respondents.

Survey

Respondents are necessary.

Less Expensive, Less Time Needed, Can be sent Postal/Email, Privacy/Anonymity

Reasons why Researchers prefer Questionnaires over Interviews.

Focus, Connection, Respect, Action, Engagement

Principles in Writing a Good Survey Design

Focus

Only acquire relevant/helpful information in your survey.

Connection

Quality of information depend on this.

Connection

Established by communicating the objective/benefits of the study with the respondents.

Respect

Show consideration to your respondents’ time.

Respect

Only ask relevant question, avoid asking too much info or info that are already known.

Action

Doing survey means to take some kind of decision.

Action

Without this, there will be no need for a survey.

Engagement

Sums up the other 4 principles; following will result in a respondent with a better response rate/information.

Engagement

Share the results with the respondents and let them know what was done with the information they provided.

Speak the Language of your Respondents, Keep it Simple, Consider “Balance, not Bias”

How to Write a Good Survey Questionnaire

Speak the Language of your Respondents

Consider simple and direct languages.

Speak the Language of your Respondents

Done by avoiding double negative, high-falutin terms, unfamiliar jargons, overly technical concepts.

Keep it Simple

Ask one idea at a time to get the right response.

Keep it Simple

Asking too many ideas in one becomes difficult for respondents to answer and researchers to interpret.