Interest Groups and Their Influence

A set of flashcards covering key concepts and details about interest groups, their benefits, drawbacks, and their influence on policy and political processes.

What is an interest group?

An organization designed to influence public policy.

How do interest groups differ from political parties?

Interest groups do not nominate candidates for public office.

What historical document discusses factions and pluralism in relation to interest groups?

Federalist #10 by James Madison.

What constitutional amendment guarantees freedoms related to interest groups?

The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, and petition.

What benefit do interest groups provide to legislators?

They provide information to influence public policy through lobbying.

What is hyperpluralism?

When strong interest groups weaken the government.

What is an iron triangle?

A bond among a government agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group.

What distinguishes issue networks from iron triangles?

Issue networks are temporary and involve multiple interest groups.

Name a tactic used by lobbyists to influence policymakers.

Grassroots lobbying.

What role do Political Action Committees (PACs) play in elections?

PACs encourage members to vote and influence party platforms.

What is 'going public' in the context of interest groups?

Using media and direct communication to gain attention and support for an issue.

What are some disadvantages of interest groups?

They may promote group interests over the general welfare and create a free-rider problem.

What do 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations refer to?

Nonprofit classifications for organizations with restrictions on political spending.

Which amendments were influenced by social movements and interest groups?

The Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Nineteenth amendments.

What resources do interest groups typically use for influence?

Research, expertise, grassroots lobbying, and media outreach.

What is the primary focus of single-issue groups?

To advocate for a specific policy or issue.

What is 'astroturfing'?

A tactic that creates a deceptive appearance of grassroots support.

How do interest groups exert pressure on political parties?

By aligning with parties, endorsing candidates, and donating to campaigns.

What is the purpose of the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946?

To require lobbyists to register with Congress influencing legislation.

What rules does the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act (2007) impose on former legislators?

Former Representatives must wait one year and former Senators two years before becoming lobbyists.