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3.1.1 The purpose and nature of businesses notes:

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3.1.1 The purpose and nature of businesses notes:

Factors of production:

  • Land – somewhere to produce the goods e.g. a farm​

  • Labour – people to work in the business e.g. farm workers​

  • Capital – money to get the business started​

  • Enterprise – This is the drive or motivation from the owners to start a business​

Opportunity Cost: The cost of NOT selecting an alternative

Reasons for starting a Business:

  • To fulfil a business opportunity

  • To supply a service

Social Enterprise:

  • Aim to help the planet

  • Aim to tackle poverty and unemployment

Basic functions and types of Businesses:

  • Primary Sector - Raw materials are extracted (ores)

  • Secondary Sector - Raw materials are manufactured

  • Tertiary Sector - Selling the finished product / deliveries

Entrepreneur: A person who starts a business and takes on a financial risk in hope to make a profit

Characteristics of an Entrepreneur:

  • Hardworking - Dedicate hours into the business

  • Initiative - May start the business after identifying market gap

Entrepeneur Objectives:

  • Be your own boss - Take orders from no one

  • Flexibile hours - Work life revolves around personal life

Dynamic Business enviroment: The enviroment is always changing and a business has to adapt to these changes

Changes to:

  • Technology - Businesses can reach customers easily online

  • Ecenomic situation:

    • infalation Rates - Rate of which the price of goods + services increase - (effect on business) = Raw materials cost more, costs of business increase - effects profit

    • Interest Rates - the cost of borrowing ​— rising interest rates impact a business — loans or overdrafts will cost them more​

    • Unemployment Rates - More unemployed = business have more applicants per job when advertising​ + households on lower incomes - sales + profits may fall​

    • Exchange Rates - Cost of one currency expressed in terms of another e.g. $ to £​ - If £ is strong (increases) - a

      business importing - goods becomes cheaper

  • Legislation:

    • Employment Laws - Government legislation. designed to protect employees from exploitation

    • Health and Saftey Laws: Workers have right to work in places where risks to their health and safety are properly controlled​

    • Consumer Laws: Goods must be; as described, fit for purpose and satisfactory quality​ - (effect on business) - products must be quality

  • Enviromental Expectations:

    • Making enviromentally friendly goods - less gas emmisions

    • Reducing paperwaste - Recycling when possible

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2

Explain, using one business example, what the tertiary sector is:

  • Final stage of production - finished product is sold

  • E.g. Beans sold at a shop

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3

Explain one reason why someone might want to start a business:

  • To be there own boss, meaning they wouldn’t tke orders from an authority

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4

3.1.2 BUSINESS OWNERSHIP

Sole Trader:

  • Unlimited liability

  • Only 1 owner - can employ workers - wont control business

  • Profits are taxed

Advantages:

  • Own boss - Decisions made quickly

  • Can offer personal attention to customers (high quality service

Disadvantage:

  • Unlimited Liability

  • No Economies of Scale

Partnership:

  • Unlimited Liability

  • Partners are all joint owners

  • Profits shared proportional to amount invested

Advantages:

  • Easer to raises capital (more partners)

  • Motivated workers (profits go to partners)

  • Multiple set of skills

Disadvantages:

  • Unlimited Liability

  • Partners may have disagreements

Private Limited Companies (Ltd):

  • Public can’t buy the businesses shares (Owner controls this)

  • Limited Liability

  • Expand by selling shares

  • Minimum 2 people

Advantages:

  • Easier to get loans (rather than a sole trader)

  • Can sell Shares to raise Capital

Disadvantages:

  • Business has to show public accounts annually (can be expensive)

  • Competitors can see this information and benifit from this

Public Limited Company:

  • Shares are open to the public

  • Limited Liability

  • Very Large Businesses

Advantages:

  • Limited Liability

  • Banks willing to lend money (less risk to a big business)

Disadvantages:

  • Owners can lose ownership - if 1 party has 51% or more shares

  • Public can see annual accounts + expensive

Not-For-Profit Organisations:

  • Objective of something other than making a profit

  • Dedicated to a social cause​

  • Limited Liability

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5

Why might a sole trader invite a partner for the business?

A. To give a friend a job

B. So shares can be sold

C. To share the profit

D. To get more skills into the business

Answer = D

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6

What are 2 benfits of being a Private Limited Company?

  • Limited Liability - the business is a seperate entity from the Owners - so private belongings are protected if the business goes into debt and fails

  • Multiple skill set - more ideas = more opportunities = perhaps more chances to make more capital

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7

3.1.3 Business setting Aims and Objectives

4 Factors of Production

  • Land

  • Labour

  • Capital

  • Enterprise

These factors influence the location of a business:

  • Raw Materials - if business is closer to the production area of the raw materials, costs will be less

  • Labor - access to a reliable supply of skilled staff is important

  • Competition - locate near competitors (clustering effect), or to locate away from competitors (gap in the market)

Types of business Aims

  • Survival:

    • Start-up business aim — when more established - aims may change - unless a recession or problems in the market - business may keep this as aims

    • Objective = reach sustainable sales - allows business to reach break-even point

  • Profit Maximization:

    • Profit = Total revemue - total costs

    • To increase profit — increase the Total revenue OR reduce total costs

  • Growth:

    • Objectives may change — owners want to grow business

    • Can be done by, selling more or providing and producing more

  • Market Share:

    • The % of sales held by the business in the market

    • So taking away sales from competitors — by promoting more+ discounts

  • Customer Satisfaction:

    • Aim to have quality service

    • So less complaints and less returns

  • Ethical responsibilities

  • Shareholder value

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