1.5 Sleep and Dreaming - AP Psychology

Consciousness

Awareness of environmental and cognitive events around a person

Biological Rhythms

Fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of the day

Circadian Rhythm

Sleep-wake cycle, occur once every 24 hours

Alpha Waves

Awake but resting, eyes closed, not mentally concentrating on any subject or task

Beta Waves

Receiving Sensory Stimulation or engaging in concentrated mental activity

Delta Waves

Deep sleep, stage 3

Hypnagogic Hallucination

Transitional state from wakefulness to sleep, also defined as the waning state of consciousness during the onset of sleep

NREM1

Stage 1, Falling Asleep, Alpha Waves, transition from wakefulness to sleep

NREM2

Stage 2, Clearly Asleep, Sleep Spindles, K-Complex Waves

Sleep Spindles

Burst of rhythmic brain activity

K-Complex Waves

Shows the person is about to transition to Stage 3

NREM3

Stage 3, Deep sleep, Slow wave sleep, no memory, Delta waves

REM Sleep

Paradoxical Sleep, motor cortex active and stem blocks movement, DREAMS, closely resembles Waves of stage 1 sleep

REM Rebound

Increased frequency, depth, and intensity of rapid eye movement

REM sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

Acting out of dreams, muscles don’t paralyze

Sleep Apnea

Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakening

Narcolepsy

Uncontrollable sleep attacks, may lapse directly into REM sleep

Insomnia

Recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep

Somnambulism

Sleepwalking

Nightmares

Memory of the dream,

Night terrors

No memory of dream

Memory consolidation theory

Dreaming is influenced by the consolidation of memory during sleep

Activation synthesis theory

Suggests that brain is in a lot of neural activity that is random in dreams

Pineal gland

Light triggers SCN to decrease melatonin (morning) from pineal gland

Manifest content

The actual plotline of the dream

Latent content

The symbolic, unconscious meaning of the dream

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Triggered by light to increase or decrease melatonin

Ultradian Rhythm

90 MInute sleep cycle

The Restorative Sleep Theory

Sleep is crucial for the body’s physical health. Facilitates muscle growth, tissue repair, protein synthesis, and growth hormone release.

Adaptive Theory of Sleep

Suggests sleep is an evolutionary adaptation.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Scientific study of how the brain enables the mind, or the biological basis of mental processes

Dual Processing

Theory that describes how mental processes and behaviors can be influenced by two different processes, which can occur simultaneously or compete with each other

Parallel processing

The brains ability to process multiple stimuli simultaneously

Sequential processing

Mental process that involves organizing and carrying out tasks in a specific order

Sleep

Recurring state of consciousness that involves reduced response to environment

Jet Lag

Common sleep problems from traveling through time zones

EEG patterns

Recording of brain wave patterns that can be used to study normal brain function