ap csp the internet vocab

Protocols

Protocols

Rules that govern how computing devices connect and communication on the internet.

Computing Device

A physical artifact that can run a program.

Computing System

A group of computing devices and programs working together.

Computing Network

A group of interconnected computing devices working together for a common purpose.

End to End Connectivity

A principle that anyone can connect to the internet and is capable of sending and receiving data.

Centralized Network

This architecture concentrates control of the network in one location.

Distributed Network

This architecture distributes control of the network across multiple locations.

Bandwidth

The number of bits we can send in a fixed amount of time (measured in mbps)

Latency

How long it takes data to travel between its source and destination (measured in ms)

Packets

Pieces of binary information that have been formed from digital data.

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network path.

Redundancy

This is implemented to ensure that if one connection fails, there is an alternative in place to maintain uninterrupted network services.

TCP

Breaks down and reassembles binary data into packets.

Scalable

Being able to add more networks, routers, and infrastructures without having to rewire the internet.

Fault Tolerant

Being able to handle issues that arise in the network.

HTTP

The protocol for web pages.

SMTP

The protocol for sending emails.

IP

The protocol for web addressing.

DNS

Translates human-friendly website names into IP addresses.

HTML

The language of web pages.

SSL/TLS

A layer of security wrapped around your communications.

CA

A trusted entity when it comes to distributing and verifying the identities of websites.

Cookies

A piece of information placed on your computer from a website, letting you know you visited them.

WWW

A system of linked pages, programs, and files.

URL

A web address.

Internet of Things (IoT)

A network of interconnected and communicating objects we use every day.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Machines that are programed to mimic human intelligence and learn to make autonomous decisions.

Blockchain

A digital record

Volatile

Data storage that is lost when the computer is powered off.

Non-volatie

Data storage that is preserved when the computer is powered off.

Sequential Computing

Processing data one instruction at a time.

Distributed Computing

Processing data by distributing the tasks across multiple networks or servers.

Peer-to-Peer Network

Distributes tasks involved in data processing across individual devices.

Parallel Computing

Processing data by having multiple processors working together on a task simultaneously.

Cloud Computing

Delivers computing services over the internet

Digital Divide

The gap between individuals who have access to digital technologies and those who do not.