pressure
the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
newton
SI unit of force
barometer
An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
millimeters of mercury
unit of pressure
atmosphere of pressure
exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg; weight of the atmosphere; unit of pressure
pascal
SI unit of pressure
standard temperature and pressure
for a gas, the temperature of 0 Celsius and pressure 1.00 atmosphere
torr
unit of pressure; 760 = 1 atm
Kinetic Molecular Theory
based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
ideal gas
an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory
elastic collision
collisions between gas particles and container walls; no net loss of kinetic energy
fluids
liquids and gases that flow
diffusion
spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by their random motion
effusion
A process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
real gas
a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory
gas laws
simple mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and amount of a gas
boyle’s law
states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature
absolute zero
temperature -273.15 degrees C is given a value of zero on the Kelvin scale
Charles’s law
states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the kelvin temperature
gay-lussac’s law
the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the kelvin temperature
combined gas law
expresses the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas
partial pressure
pressure of each gas in a mixture
dalton’s law of partial pressures
states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases