PALs 2 Chem of Life

2

What is an element?

pure substance that contains only ONE type of atom

What are the three types of bonds? How are each formed?

covalent bonds - when atoms share electrons

ionic bonds - when atoms take/give electrons

hydrogen bonds - a weak bond(ish) between polar (+/- charged) molecules

Explain why water is so important

water can bond (cohesion) with itself or with other stuff (adhesion). Universal solvent, high heat capacity

What does water do for the body?

acts as a fundamental fluid environment REQUIRED for every cellular process

Why are some substance hydrophobic and others hydrophilic? Give examples of each.

hydrophobic - “water fearing” non water soluble (oil, wax)

hydrophilic - “water loving” water soluble (salt, soap)

What is an acid? A base? How do they relate to the pH scale?

acid - donates hydrogen ions (H+)

base - accepts hydrogen ions within a solution (OH-)

What do carbohydrates do for us? What is arguably, the most important carb?

carbs give us the energy to function, complex carbs

What functions do lipids have in our body? Can you give examples?

lipids are a long term energy source and insulate organs. Phospholipids

What roles do proteins play in our body? What are they made from? Can you give examples?

protein is a made up amino acids, plays a role in our body, has tons of important information, vital building blockj for body’s tissues, organs, muscles, and bones

How do enzymes work?

acts a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reaction in our body

What does it mean to denature? Can you give an example?

denature - when a protein loses its shape, thus losing its function

cracked egg → sunny side egg