Business Processes and Enterprise Systems Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts of organizational functional areas, cross-functional business processes, enterprise resource planning systems, and specific enterprise process definitions from the lecture notes.

Functional Area (FA)

Functions or departments within an organization that perform specialized tasks, such as accounting or warehouse operations.

Cross-Functional Processes

Processes where no single group or function is responsible for execution, requiring shared responsibility and coordination among multiple functional areas.

Silos

An organizational problem where different functional areas perform steps in a process in isolation without understanding which steps happen before or next.

Enterprise Systems (ES)

Systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) that remove barriers to sharing information between functional areas and manage processes end-to-end in an integrated manner.

Business Process

A sequence of tasks or activities triggered by an event that produces a desired outcome.

Effectively

Doing the right things to complete a process.

Efficiently

Doing things right to complete a process.

Procurement Process

The 'buy' process that includes all tasks involved in acquiring needed materials externally from a vendor.

Production Process

The 'make' process that is triggered when product inventory is low, involving production authorization, raw material issuance, product creation, and receipt of finished goods.

Fulfillment Process

The 'sell' process involving receiving customer orders, creating sales orders, preparing and sending shipments, issuing invoices, and receiving payments.

Inventory and Warehouse Management Process

The 'store' process focused on the storage and movement of materials, used to store and track materials.

Material Planning Process

The 'plan' process used to determine which materials will be procured and produced, when, and in what quantities using historical data and sales forecasts.

Asset Management and Customer Service Process

The 'service' process used to maintain internal assets like machinery and deliver after-sales customer service such as repairs.

Lifecycle Data Management Process

The 'design' process that supports the design and development of products from initial idea through product discontinuation.

Management Accounting

Internal reporting processes that track costs and revenues to help control business operations.

Financial Accounting

External reporting processes whose primary goal is meeting legal and regulatory requirements through statements such as income statements, profit and loss statements, and balance sheets.

Human Capital Management

Processes focused on managing people, including recruitment, hiring, training, compensation, benefits management, and payroll administration.

Project Management

Processes involved in managing temporary initiatives, such as the construction of a factory or aircraft, as opposed to ongoing or repetitive processes.

SAP

An integrated end-to-end enterprise system software that consolidates data in a single database, operates in real time, eliminates inefficiencies, and links business functions together.

Silo Architecture

A non-integrated system environment where sharing data between separate systems causes delays because data must be transferred manually or sequentially from one system to the next.