Gynaecology Revision Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, syndromes, and diagnostic criteria from the Gynaecology Revision transcript, including gametogenesis, menstrual disorders, cancers, and pelvic conditions.

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm formation that begins at puberty in the seminiferous tubules and takes approximately $72$ days to complete.

Capacitation

A $6-8$ hour process occurring in the female reproductive tract, primarily the cervix and fallopian tubes, that gives sperms the ability to fertilize an ovum.

Graafian follicle

The mature follicle just before ovulation, which typically measures $18-20\,mm$ in size.

LH Surge

A hormonal peak initiated by estrogen levels reaching $\geq 200\,pg$ for $48$ hours, directly responsible for triggering ovulation.

Mittelschmerz syndrome

Mid-cycle abdominal pain occurring at the time of ovulation.

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Pain during menstruation caused by progesterone withdrawal leading to vasoconstriction and the release of $PGF-2\alpha$, occurring in the absence of pelvic pathology.

Ferriman Gallwey Score

A clinical scoring system used to evaluate hirsutism by assessing $9$ body sites; a score $\geq 8$ is considered significant.

PALM COEIN

The classification system for causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), encompassing Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy/hyperplasia, Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial cause, Iatrogenic, and Not yet classified.

Metropathia hemorrhagica

Also known as Schroeder's disease, a condition in perimenopausal females characterized by anovulatory cycles, simple tubular glands, and a 'Swiss cheese pattern' on endometrial histology.

Rotterdam Criteria

Diagnostic criteria for PCOS requiring two of the following: hyperandrogenism (clinical/biochemical), ovulatory dysfunction (oligo/amenorrhea), and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound ($\geq 12$ follicles, $2-9\,mm$ size, or volume $\geq 10\,cc$).

HAIR-AN Syndrome

A clinical subset of PCOS characterized by Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance, and Acanthosis Nigricans.

Asherman Syndrome

A condition defined by intrauterine adhesions and a thin defective endometrium, most commonly caused by excessive curettage during the postpartum period.

Endometrial Cancer Type 2

A highly malignant, non-estrogen-dependent cancer often associated with endometrial atrophy, including grades like papillary serous and clear cell carcinoma.

Cervavac

The first Indian quadrivalent vaccine against Cancer Cervix, prepared by the Serum Institute of India, Pune.

Koilocytosis

A cellular change characterized by a perinuclear halo seen on biopsy, indicating the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Meig's syndrome

A clinical triad consisting of a benign ovarian tumor (like Fibroma or Brenner tumor), ascites, and right-sided pleural effusion.

Krukenberg Tumor

A metastatic ovarian tumor, usually spreading from stomach cancer via retrograde lymphatics, characterized by signet ring cells filled with mucin.

SRY gene

The sex-determining region on the distal end of the short arm of the Y chromosome, essential for testes formation in the fetus.

Barr Body

An inactivated X chromosome, calculated as the number of X chromosomes minus $1$; females normally have $1$ and males have $0$.

Thelarche

The development of breast buds, representing the most specific first sign of puberty in females, usually occurring after the initial growth spurt.

21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency

The most common enzyme deficiency in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), leading to hyponatremia, hypotension, and ambiguous genitalia in females.

Swyer Syndrome

A disorder of sexual development in individuals with a $46XY$ karyotype, characterized by dysgenetic testes, presence of a uterus, female external genitalia, and lack of breast development.

MRKH Syndrome

Also known as Mullerian agenesis ($46XX$), characterized by the absence of the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper part of the vagina, but with normal ovaries and secondary sexual characteristics.

Sampson theory

The most accepted theory for endometriosis, suggesting it is caused by the implantation of endometrial tissue via retrograde menstruation.

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

A complication of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) involving adhesions between the liver and anterior abdominal wall, resembling 'violin strings.'

Amsele's criteria

Diagnostic criteria for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) requiring three of four: thin homogeneous discharge, $pH \geq 4.5$, $\geq 20\%$ clue cells, and a positive Whiff test.

Spinnbarkeit

The characteristic profuse, watery, and stretchy nature of cervical mucus under the influence of estrogen, typically seen in the first half of the menstrual cycle.

Maturation Index

A vaginal epithelial study report written as a/b/c based on $100$ cells, representing the ratio of parabasal cells to intermediate cells to superficial cells.

Uterus didelphys

A Mullerian malformation caused by the failure of the ducts to fuse, resulting in two separate uteri, two cervices, and often two vaginas.

Keigel's exercise

Perineal exercises recommended as the best method to help prevent uterine prolapse by strengthening cellular supports like the levator ani muscle.

Burch colposuspension

The gold standard abdominal surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) where the proximal urethra is attached to Cooper's ligament.

Ulipristal acetate

A Selective Progesterone Re-uptake Modulator (SPRM) used as the most effective hormonal emergency contraceptive at a dose of $30\,mg$.