Ch. 23 Respiratory System McGraw Hill

One of the functions of the respiratory system is to alter the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood; thus regulating ______.

blood pH

The two divisions of the respiratory tract are ______.

upper and lower respiratory tracts

The trachea, primary bronchi, and the alveolar sacs all belong to the ______.

lower respiratory tract

The respiratory system can influence blood pH by ______.

changing blood CO2 levels

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood is referred to _____________________ respiration and the exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues is _______________________respiration.

Exteranal Respiration, Internal Respiration

Identify structures of the upper respiratory tract. Select all that apply.

External nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx

The respiratory system can be divided into ______.

Conducting and Respiratory Zones

Warming and humidification are functions of which part of the respiratory system?

Conducting Zone

Identify structures found in the lower respiratory tract. Select all that apply

Trachea, Bronchi, lungs, smaller bronchi

The system that supplies the body with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide by the rhythmic intake and expulsion of air is the_______

Respiratory System

Gas exchange occurs in which location in the respiratory system?

Respiratory Zone

List the correct order of airways from the trachea to the alveoli.

Bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs

The nasal cavity, choana and oropharynx are components of the ______.

upper respiratory tract

The nares are also referred to as ______.

Nostrils

Identify the functions of the conducting zone of the respiratory system. Select all that apply.

Warming air

Cleaning air

Humidification

The visible part of the nose is primarily composed of _______.

Hyline Cartilage

he trachea, primary bronchi, and the alveolar sacs all belong to the ______.

Lower Respiratory Tract

The nasal bone forms part of which structure?

Bridge of the nose

What is the function of the respiratory zone?

Gas exchange

What is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx is called?

Choana

The anatomical term for the external opening to the nasal cavity is the _____.

Nares

In the nasal cavity, the bony ridges extending from the lateral walls are called

Conchae

The visible part of the nose is the _____ nose.

external

The functions of the segment of the respiratory system called the ______ include cleaning, warming, and humidifying air as it enters the airways. It also contains the olfactory epithelium.

Nasal Cavity

Indicate the bones found contributing to the bridge of the nose. Select all that apply.

Nasal bones

Maxillary bones

Frontal bone

What is the function of the coarse hairs present in the nasal vestibule?

To trap dust, microbes and other debris that may be present in air that is inspired

The opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx is called the

conchae

Extending from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are ridges called ______.

Nasal Conchae

Indicate the functions of the nose and nasal cavities. Select all that apply.

Warm and humidify air

Location of olfactory receptors

Influences voice

The nasal vestibule is located in the _______________________ portion of the nasal cavity.

Anterior

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the ______.

Hard palate

The anterior portion of the nasal septum is composed of ______, while the posterior part is composed of ______.

cartilage, bone

The functions of the segment of the respiratory system called the ______ include cleaning, warming, and humidifying air as it enters the airways. It also contains the olfactory epithelium.

nasal cavity

When the paranasal sinuses become inflamed, the condition is called _______.

sinusitis

The structure that serves as an opening for both the respiratory and the digestive systems and extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx is the

Pharynx

What two areas does the hard palate separate?

Oral cavity and nasal cavity

The three regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior are the

Blank 1: nasopharynx

Blank 2: oropharynx

Blank 3: laryngopharynx

Identify components of the nasal septum. Select all that apply.

Cartilage

Ethmoid bone

Vomer bone

The nasopharynx is lined with ______ epithelium and the oropharynx and laryngopharynx are lined with ______ epithelium to prevent abrasion.

pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous

The inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses is called

Sinusitis

The auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsils are associated with which portion of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx

The most superior portion of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity, extending to the soft palate, is the

Nasopharynx

The segment of the respiratory system that extends from the choanae to the larynx and functions as a passageway for air, food, and drink, but is also important in sound production, is called the

Pharynx

The posterior extension of the soft palate is the

Uvula

Which section of the pharynx acts as a passageway for only the respiratory system?

Nasopharynx

The function of the uvula is to _____

prevent food from entering into the nasopharynx

The tonsils found in the nasopharynx are the ______________ tonsils.

Pharyngeal

The portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate is the ______.

nasopharynx

The oropharynx extends from the _____ to the _____.

soft palate, epiglottis

The uvula can be described as the ______.

posterior extension of the soft palate

The structure that prevents swallowed food from entering into the nasopharynx is the

Uvula

The inferior portion of the pharynx which extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus is the ______.

laryngopharynx

The thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis vestibular folds, and vocal folds are associated with the ______.

larynx

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis is the

oropharynx

The ______ is the main structure located between the laryngopharynx and the trachea.

Larynx

What structure covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis

The inferior portion of the pharynx which begins at the level of the hyoid bone and opens into the esophagus and the larynx is the

laryngopharynx

Indicate the features that are associated with the larynx. Select all that apply.

Thyroid and cricoid cartilages

epiglottis and glottis

Vestibular and vocal folds

The larynx is located between the _____ and the _____.

laryngopharynx, trachea

Indicate two mechanisms used to prevent food from entering the larynx.

Tipping of epiglottis over glottis

Closure of glottis

The prominent laryngeal cartilage that is often larger in males than females is the thyroidBlank 1Blank 1 thyroid , Correct Unavailable cartilage.

Thyroid Cartilage

The inferior portion of the larynx is formed by the ______________cartilage.

Cricoid

The structure that serves as an opening for both the respiratory and the digestive systems and extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx is the

pharynx

The leaf-shaped structure which functions to seal off the glottis during swallowing is the

epiglottis

Within the larynx, the most inferior pair of ligaments are ______ folds.

vocal

Name the paired horn-shaped cartilages that articulate with the arytenoid cartilages.

Corniculate cartilages

Within the larynx, the superior pair of ligaments running from the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage to the posterior thyroid cartilage are the

Vestibular

Which of the paired cartilages are attached to and support the vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis?

Cuneiform

The glottis may be described as ______.

the vocal folds and the space between them

Within the larynx, the inferior pair of ligaments running from the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage to the posterior thyroid cartilage are the

Blank 1: vocal

Blank 2: true

Within the larynx, the most superior pair of ligaments are the ______ folds.

Vestibular

How is sound produced?

By air moving over vocal folds

Movement of the arytenoid cartilages ______ decreases tension on the vocal cords, ______ pitch of sound produced

anteriorly, lowering

The vocal folds and the space between them defines the

glottis

_______ rotation of the arytenoid cartilages abducts the vocal folds, allowing movement of air during breathing (without speaking).

Lateral

Air is conducted from the larynx to the main (primary) bronchi by the

Trachea

Sound is produced as air moves past the _____________________folds.

vocal

___________________rotation of the arytenoid cartilages adducts the vocal cords, allowing sound production.

Medial

Which of the following best describes the supportive structures of the trachea?

C-shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage

In order to breathe, the arytenoid cartilages rotate _____ and _____ the vocal folds.

laterally, abduct

Describe the function of the tracheal cartilages.

To maintain an open air passage

Identify the structure that conducts air from the larynx to the main (primary) bronchi.

Trachea

The smooth muscle that contracts and aids in the expulsion of mucus during coughing is the ______.

trachealis

Which features are associated with the tracheal epithelium? Select all that apply.

Pseudostratified columnar cells

Cilia

Goblet cells

Mucous

The C-shaped rings that support the trachea are composed of ____________ cartilage tissue.

Hyline

What happens to the mucus layer lining the trachea that functions to trap foreign particles?

It is moved upward by cilia to the pharynx, then swallowed.

Which component of the trachea is responsible for maintaining the open airway?

Cartilage

Identify the purpose of contraction and relaxation of the trachealis muscle

Helps to expel mucus during coughing

The tissue that lines the lumen of the trachea is _______ columnar epithelium.

pseudostratified

True or false: Foreign particles, trapped by the mucus layer lining the trachea, remain in position in the trachea where they are phagocytized by macrophages.

False because Cilia lining the trachea moves the mucus and trapped particles upward into the larynx, then pharynx.

How many primary bronchi serve the left lung?

One

How many main bronchi come off the trachea?

Two

The most inferior ridge of tracheal cartilage is the _____.

carina

How many main (primary) bronchi serve the right lung?

one

The trachea divides into two ________________ bronchi.

Primary

When touch receptors in the ______ are triggered, a cough occurs.

carina

Which component of the trachea is responsible for maintaining the open airway?

Cartilage

A child who has accidentally inhaled a marble into their lower respiratory tract most likely has the marble lodged in their ____________main bronchus.

right

The ridge formed by the most inferior tracheal cartilage which separates the openings of the primary bronchi is the

carina

How many primary bronchi are there in the human body?

2