Child Development Final

units 5-9

down syndrom

a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual and developmental delays

Autism

a developmental condition affecting communication, behavior, and social interaction

Attention Deficit Hyper-activity disorder

marked by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity; ADHD

dyslexia

a learning disorder that makes reading and interpreting words difficult

Dyscalculia

a learning disorder involving difficulty understanding numbers and math concepts

Dysgraphia

a learning disability that affects writing, spelling, and fine motor skills

specific learning disability

A group of learning disorders that impact areas like reading, writing, or math; SLD

epilepsy

A neurological disorder marked by recurring seizures due to abnormal brain activity

cerebral palsy

a group of disorders affecting movement, posture, and muscle coordination, caused by early brain damage

dyspraxia

a motor skill disorder that affect coordination and movement

conductive hearing loss

hearing loss caused by problems in the outer or middle ear that block sound

sensorineural hearing loss

hearing loss due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

U.S. law ensuring special education and related services to eligble children with disabilities

Universal design for learning (UDL)

a teaching framework that offers flexible ways of learning to support all students

ARC

a national organization advocating for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families

Easter Seals

a nonprofit that provides services, education, and advocacy for individuals with disabilities

Theory of Muliple Intelligences

howard gardeners theory that people have different kind of intelligences (not just IQ based)

Linguistic

related to reading, language, writing, and communication

spatial

strong ability to visualized and mentally manipulate objects or spaces

Logical-mathematical

high skill in reasoning, numbers, and problem-solving

musical

exceptional talent in rhythm, pitch, melody, or musical composition

Body-Kinesthetic

high coordination and skill in physical movement, often seen in athletes or dancers

interpersonal

the ability to understand and interact effectively with others

intrapersonal

the ability to understand oneself, thought, and emotions deeply

naturalist

intelligence related to understanding nature, plants, animals, and patterns in the natural world

existential

intelligence involving deep thinking about life, existence, and philosophical questions

Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement

a standardized test that measures academic skills like reading, math, and writing

Limbic system

a part of the brain involved in emotion, memory, and behavior

autonomy

the ability to act independently and make your own choices

Twice exceptional

refers to students who are both gifted and have a learning disability or other special need

Individual Education Program (IEP)

a customized plan for students with disabilities that outlines goals and support services

play based philosophy

an early education approach where learning in guided through play and exploration

cognitive-based philosophy

focuses on how children think and learn, encouraging problem-solving and critical thinking

non-traditional schools

schools that use alternative methods of teaching rather that standard curriculum or grading

montessori

an educational method that emphasizes independence, hands-on learning, and respect for a child’s natural development

Waldorf

A holistic teaching style focusing on imagination, creativity, and learning through the arts and nature

Reggio Emilia

a child centered early education approach emphasizing creativity, collaboration, and exploration

formative assessments

ongoing evaluations during learning to give feedback and guide instruction

summative assessments

final evaluations at the end of instruction to measure what students have learned

aptitudes

natural talents or abilities in certain areas

Introspective

tending to think deeply about one’s own thought and feelings

Extraversion or Intorversion

preference for being energized by people or solitude

Sensing or Intuition

how people take information: through details and facts (sensing) or values and empathy (feeling)

Thinking or Feeling

how decisions are made: through logic or values and empathy

Judging or Perceiving

preference for structure and planning (judging) or flexibility and spontaneity (perceiving)

Early Childhood Education (ECE) certification

official credential to teach or work with young children in education settings

Paraeducation

support staff who assist teachers, often working with students with special needs

Assistants or Aids

tools, strategies, or people that help students learn more effectively

Child Development Associate (CDA)

a credential for early childhood educators demostrating their skills and knowledge

NES

(National Evaluation Series) teacher certification exams required by some U.S. states

PRAXIS

A set of tests to measure teacher rwadiness and skills in specific subjects

edTPA

a performance based assessment for prospective teachers to demostrate their teaching effectiveness

Hard Skills

teachable abilities or knowledge, like writing, math, or software use

Soft Skills

Personal traits like communication, teamwork, and adaptability