English Review - Speech Choir, Text Types, Word Formation, and Word Order (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes.

Speech choir

A group performance of a spoken text delivered in unison, usually directed by a conductor with cues.

Members

Individuals who memorize the piece and follow cues during the performance.

Conductor/Director

The leader who gives cues and coordinates the choir.

Piece/Selection

The text chosen for oral presentation.

Choreography

Basic coordination of movements during the performance (optional).

Costume

Outfits that match the theme or mood of the piece (optional).

Prosodic Features

Sound features of speech used to convey meaning, including pitch, volume, rate, pause, tone, and emphasis.

Pitch

The highness or lowness of the voice.

Volume

The loudness or softness of the voice.

Rate

The speed at which speech is produced.

Pause

A break in speech for clarity or effect.

Tone

The emotional quality or mood of the voice.

Emphasis

Stress on important words to highlight meaning.

Situational Words and Expression

Words or expressions commonly used in specific contexts or idioms.

Inferring

Reading between the lines to deduce thoughts or feelings from viewed materials.

Facial Expressions

Movements of the face that reveal emotions or attitudes.

Body Language

Nonverbal cues from posture and gestures indicating feelings or attitudes.

Tone of Voice

The characteristic quality of a person's voice that conveys attitude.

Actions

What a person does, which can reveal intent or feelings.

Settings and Music

The environment and music in a scene that influence mood.

Informative Text

Text designed to educate or inform with facts, explanations, instructions, or concepts.

Journalistic Text

Text presenting news and current events for public awareness; includes reports and editorials.

Literary Text

Creative writing aimed at entertaining and exploring human experience.

Word Derivation

The process of creating a new word by adding prefixes or suffixes to a root.

Prefixes

Letters added before a root word to modify meaning (e.g., pre-, un-, re-).

Suffixes

Letters added after a root word to modify meaning (e.g., -ful, -ness, -ly).

Root words

The core part of a word that carries its main meaning.

Affixes

Prefixes and suffixes attached to a root word.

Affixation

The process of adding affixes to a root word to form new words.

Word Formation

The creation of new words through affixation, compounding, blending, clipping, etc.

Compounding

Merging two or more whole words to form a new word.

Blending

Merging parts of two words to form a new word.

Clipping

Shortening a longer word.

Acronyms

Words formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a word (e.g., NASA).

Initialisms

Acronyms formed from initials where each letter is spoken (e.g., FBI).

Basic Sentence Pattern

The typical arrangement of sentence parts in English (S-Verb-Object/Complement).

Subject

The doer of the action or the topic of discussion in a sentence.

Verb

The action or state of being in a sentence.

Intransitive Verb

A verb that does not require a direct object.

Transitive Verb

A verb that requires a direct object.

Direct Object

The noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb.

Indirect Object

The recipient of the direct object (answers to 'to whom' or 'for whom').

Object Complement

An adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a direct object and renames or describes it.

S-V-O/C

Subject-Verb-Object/Complement pattern; standard word order.

Inverted Word Order

Rearrangement of the usual S-V-O pattern for emphasis, rhythm, or style.

Inversion

Any reversal of the normal word order.

Verb before Subject

A type of inversion where the verb comes before the subject.

Adverbial First

An inversion where an adverb or adverbial phrase comes before the subject.

Complement First

An inversion where a complement or predicate comes before the subject.

Emphasis in Inversion

Using inversion to stress a word or idea.

Rhythm and Style

Inversion can create musicality and distinctive writing style.

Suspense/Imagery

Inversion can delay the subject/verb to build suspense or create vivid imagery.

Normal Word Order

The standard S-V-O pattern used for clarity and directness.