Anatomy and Physiology Overview

Flashcards to help review key terminology and concepts from anatomy and physiology lectures.

Anatomy

The structure and placement of muscles or bones.

Physiology

The way in which anatomical structures function.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right sides.

Medial Plane

A plane through the middle line of an animal that has equal left and right halves.

Transverse Plane

A plane that runs through the middle of the animal width-wise, separating the cranial side and caudal side.

Dorsal Plane

A plane that divides the dorsal and ventral cavities.

Proximal

Closest to the armpit or base of the body.

Distal

Farther away from the base of the body.

Medial

The inside of the arm.

Lateral

The outside of the arm or leg away from the base of the body.

Epithelium

A tissue type that forms protective layers and lines cavities, often acting in secretion and absorption.

Simple Epithelium

A single layer of epithelial cells.

Stratified Epithelium

Multiple layers of cells in an epithelial tissue.

Connective Tissue

A tissue that supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs of the body.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that protects, covers and lines other tissues, and may also have sensory and secretory functions.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that possess ducts and secrete substances to local areas.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that do not have ducts and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Goblet Cells

Modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucin.

Neural Tissue

Tissue responsible for receiving and transmitting electrical signals in the body.

Inflammation

The body's localized reaction to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Granulation Tissue

New connective tissue and microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.